Background and Objective: Studies related to Islamic leadership focus on various aspects including the nature of a leader, relationship between leaders followers, positive implications organization. In order ensure effectiveness Islamic-based institutions, it is very important consolidate previous studies in institutions for future reference. Materials Methods: This paper aimed summarize resear...

Machiavellian (Mach) leaders' tendency to engage in hostile, abusive behavior is destructive for followers and organizations. Yet previous studies suggest that Machs do not always show negative leader behaviors such as supervision. Drawing on trait activation theory, we propose the manifestation of Mach trait-relevant depends upon contextual cues from psychological work climate. Specifically, a...

The genome of retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), consists of two identical RNA strands that are packaged as noncovalently linked dimers. The core packaging and dimerization signals are located in the downstream part of the untranslated leader of HIV-1 RNA-the Psi and the dimerization initiation site (DIS) hairpins. The HIV-1 leader can adopt two alternative con...

While previous research has identified group identification as an important factor in affecting relevant outcomes (e.g., satisfaction, turnover, commitment) in face-to face environments, this paper provides initial evidence to support the proposition that group identification also matters in virtual environments. In particular, the authors found that team members’ perceptions of the leader-memb...

Many reliable distributed services rely on an eventual leader election to coordinate actions. The eventual leader detector has been proposed as a way to implement such an abstraction. It ensures that, eventually, each process in the system will be provided by an unique leader, elected among the set of correct processes in spite of crashes and uncertainties. A number of eventual leader election ...

WWW is the most popular and interactive medium to disseminate information. It creates many new challenges. Several initiatives have been taken to extract different kinds of knowledge from web. In our paper “Leader-page Resources in the World Wide Web” we defined a new method to rank the web pages entirely using the hyperlink information. The notion of “Leader-Page” is extended from the concept ...

BACKGROUND The number of caesarean sections (CS) is increasing globally, and repeat CS after a previous CS is a significant contributor to the overall CS rate. Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) can be seen as a real and viable option for most women with previous CS. To achieve success, however, women need the support of their clinicians (obstetricians and midwives). The aim of this study was...