where w = v · v and G(1) = 1. At zero recoil (w = 1) heavy-quark symmetry requires FB→D∗(1) to be close to 1. So, |Vcb| is determined by dividing measurements of dΓ/dw by the phase space and well-known factors, and extrapolating to w → 1. This yields |Vcb|FB→D∗(1), and FB→D∗(1) is taken from “theory.” To date models [ 1] or a combination of a rigorous inequality plus judgment [ 2] have been use...

BACKGROUND The Swiss Sentinel system for influenza virus surveillance reports influenza-like illness in the community through a network of primary care practitioners, but the epidemiologic, demographic, and virological characterization may differ from that observed in hospitalized patients with influenza. OBJECTIVE To compare demographic and virological data from hospital influenza cases with...

BACKGROUND The genetic and antigenic characteristics of influenza A viruses (IAV) within and between species change over time due to antigenic shift and drift. Although pigs are known to play a key role in the epidemiology of IAV between species, little is known about the molecular evolution of IAV hemagglutinin (HA) in pigs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the HA drift of an...

1-Chlorohexane halidohydrolase from Arthrobacter sp. strain HA1 was purified to homogeneity by fractional precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and high-performance liquid chromatography gel filtration. The enzyme was a monomer with a molecular weight of about 37,000; its amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence were determined. The enzyme had a broad optimum around ...

Quantifying adaptive evolution at the genomic scale is an essential yet challenging aspect of evolutionary biology. Here, we develop a method that extends and generalizes previous approaches to estimate the rate of genomic adaptation in rapidly evolving populations and apply it to a large data set of complete human influenza A virus genome sequences. In accord with previous studies, we observe ...

Hybrid Layered Manufacturing (HLM) combines the benefits of both subtractive and Additive Manufacturing (AM). In this paper authors did characterization of AM components by using Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM), Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and hardness tester. The main focus is on matrix integrity during Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) deposition and surface quality during machinin...

BACKGROUND It has been difficult to make reliable hazard assessments of manufactured nanomaterials, because the nanomaterials form large agglomerations in both in vitro and in vivo studies. OBJECTIVE In the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Project of Japan, the physicochemical properties of many manufactured nanomaterials are being measured, and in vitro an...

This paperpresents empirical results regarding the determinants ofelectricity consumption in manufactured housing, commonly called mobile homes. The data consist of a random sample of over 400 Florida electricity customers--with information on socioeconomic characteristics, housing features, and monthly KWH consumption. The model explains over forty percent of the variation among customer usage...

OBJECTIVE To use functional magnetic resonance imaging to map the auditory cortical fields that are activated, or nonreactive, to sounds in patient M.L., who has auditory agnosia caused by trauma to the inferior colliculi. BACKGROUND The patient cannot recognize speech or environmental sounds. Her discrimination is greatly facilitated by context and visibility of the speaker's facial movement...