Bipolar disorder is characterized by exacerbations of opposite mood polarity, ranging from manic to major depressive episodes. In the current nosological system of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - 5(th) edition (DSM-5), it is conceptualized as a spectrum disorder consisting of bipolar disorder type I, bipolar disorder type II, cyclothymic disorder, and bipolar disorder not otherwise spec...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of Bipolar I Disorder patients with a single manic episode. METHOD In a retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of inpatients who had been admitted to treat a single manic episode of Bipolar I Disorder at Noor University Hospital, Isfahan, Iran between September 2004 and December 2008. RESULTS Out...

N Engl J Med 2005;353:1819-34. Copyright © 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society. ecurrent episodes of major depression, which is a common and serious illness, are called major depressive disorder; depressive episodes that occur in conjunction with manic episodes are called bipolar disorder. Major depressive disorder accounts for 4.4 percent of the total overall global disease burden, a contributi...

According to Fuzzy-Trace Theory (FTT), qualitative, bottom-line, “gist” reasoning leads less risk taking and more mature decision-making, easily swayed by emotions than quantitative, detail-oriented, “verbatim” reasoning. In Bipolar disorder deleterious risky behaviors are common. Prior research confirmed the relationships posited between FTT taking. We aim understand whether acts upon in manne...

Introduction: Bipolar disorder is characterized by severe mood symptoms including major depressive and manic episodes. During manic episodes, many patients show cognitive dysfunction. Dopamine and glutamate are important for cognitive processing, thus the COMT and DAOA genes that modulate the expression of these neurotransmitters are of interest for studies of cognitive function. Methodology: F...

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive disorder, consists of often recurrent and severe mood episodes. Roughly 1% of children are diagnosed with bipolar disorder; the prevalence doubles in adulthood. The intense mood swings and periods of depression contribute to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this disorder, which ranks seventh among worldwide causes of no...

Studies suggest a relationship of manic behavior and bipolar disorder (BD) with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). The nature of this relationship is unclear. This report presents a patient with initial manic behavior as the main manifestation of familial bvFTD from a novel progranulin (GRN) mutation. In contrast, there are other reports of a long background of BD preceding a d...

Mega cisterna magna is a part of "Dandy-Walker Complex" and it is characterized by the enlargement of the cisterna magna, morphologically intact vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. We report a case of manic attack in a 23-year-old man with mega cisterna magna. The patient was treated with quetiapine 1,000 mg/day and sodium valproate 1,500 mg/day and the symptoms were ameliorated within 2.5 month...

INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) is the seventh leading cause of disability per year of life among all diseases in the population aged 15 to 44. It is a group of heterogeneous diseases, with frequent comorbid psychiatric or somatic disorders, variable treatment response and frequent residual symptoms between episodes. The major impairment associated with this disorder is related to the high r...