Efficiency of projects is a central concern in project management. Such concerns have only been exacerbated with projects being increasingly distributed across firm and country boundaries. This study has a two-fold research agenda: First, it provides an understanding of how the efficiency of projects varies across project organization types, namely, Insourcing, Outsourcing, Offshoring, and Offs...

Background Many of public hospitals in Japan have had a deficit for a long time. Japanese local governments have been encouraging public hospitals to use group purchasing of drugs to benefit from the economies of scale, and increase their bargaining power for obtaining discounts in drug purchasing, thus improving their financial situation. In this study, we empirically investigate whether or no...

introduction: human skills, knowledge and efficiency are important factors in the success of organizations and community health centers which have a critical role in total quality management (tqm) as a management system. knowledge is necessary as a source for the organizations survival. on the other hand, in order for implementation of knowledge management, there is a need for a relatively long...

Occupational accidents severely deteriorate human capital, and hence negatively affect the productivity and competitiveness. But despite these negative points, there are still deficiencies in safety management performance and indicators. Therefore the safety issue needs an active management. For this reason, the writer has proposed an approach to evaluate organizations based on safety managemen...

1.1. Intervals. We shall denote by I a finite set of closed intervals of the real line. Investigations of combinatorial properties of intervals started by Gy. Hajós (1957, [40]) T. Gallai ([26]) S. Benzer (1959, [8]) P. C. Gilmore and A. J. Hoffman (1964, [7]) D. R. Fulkerson and O. A. Gross (1965, [22]) C. G. Lekkerkerker and J. Ch. Boland (1962, [57]). It is traditional to display a set of in...

An auction with a buyout option occurring over continuous time with rules similar to eBay’s “buy it now” option is analyzed. It is shown that a risk averse seller facing risk neutral bidders will choose a buyout price low enough so that the buyout option is exercised with positive probability in equilibrium. Further, when the seller is risk averse and bidders are risk neutral, allowing the sell...

This paper considers a problem of security design in the presence of monitoring done by a large investor to discipline the management of a firm. Since the large investor enjoys only part of the benefits generated by her monitoring activities but incurs all the associated costs, the design and amount of security need to be structured so as to motivate her to maintain an efficient level of monito...

Today several instruments exist to decrease air pollution. The paper discusses pollution taxes, emission trading permits and green certificates applied to reduce the CO2-emissions in the electricity sector. It then investigates how the different mechanisms behind these three instruments can possibly be combined. The proposed approach is to introduce the concept of zero-emission certificates (ZE...

This paper demonstrates how management compensation schemes can serve as an inexpensive and sometimes even free signaling mechanism. In the particular example studied here it is shown how a contract offered to the manager of a monopolistic tirm may induce him to take some actions that will credibly signal the Crm’s marginal cost and will deter entry if the firm is ‘suficiently’ ellicient. This ...