The main focus of this review is on magnetically induced anions. Before discussing these new anionic states which exclusively exist in the presence of magnetic fields, we review in some detail the anionic physics without external field. For completeness, we also outline the properties of field-free existing anions when exposed to magnetic fields. The magnetically induced states constitute an in...

Fast ignition (FI) is investigated via integrated particle-in-cell simulation including both generation and transport of fast electrons, where petawatt ignition lasers of 2 ps and compressed targets of a peak density of 300  g cm(-3) and areal density of 0.49  g cm(-2) at the core are taken. When a 20 MG static magnetic field is imposed across a conventional cone-free target, the energy couplin...

Gene therapy technology is a powerful tool to elucidate the molecular cues that precisely regulate stem cell fates, but developing safe vehicles or mechanisms that are capable of delivering genes to stem cells with high efficiency remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a magnetically guided adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery system for gene delivery to human neural stem cells (hNSC...

Information retrieval from XML documents offers an opportunity to go below the document level in search of relevant information, making any element of an XML document a retrievable unit. We consider two dimensions along which we compare this element retrieval task with the traditional document retrieval task. We investigate how different topic representations and language model smoothing approa...

ed and Indexed in: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources (CEMARE), Department of Economics, University of Portsmouth, Locksway Road, Portsmouth PO4 8JF, United Kingdom. Copyright © University of Portsmouth, 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced, stored in a retrievable system or transmitted in any form b...

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to assess the websites retrievable on an Internet search engine, with childhood dental caries information, available for the Portuguese speaking population, and also evaluate the quality of its information. Methods: The search engine selected was Google®, with key words “Cárie” AND “Criança”. The first 100 search results were assessed. Quality evaluatio...

In recent years the amount of unstructured data stored on the Internet and other digital sources has increased significantly. These data contain often valuable, but hardly retrievable information. The term unstructured data refers mainly to data that does not have a data structure. As a result of this, the unstructured data is not easily readable by machines. In this work, we present a simple m...