A sequence of colour photographs of an emissive probe moving through a luminous anode double layer is presented. The double layer is seen 'following' the probe for as much as 10 cm. This effect may result in erroneous measurements of both the double-layer width and its position. Recently, a number of experimental studies of doublelayer formation have been performed, particularly in magnetised p...

An ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuator composed of a thin perfluorinated ionomer membrane with electrodes plated on both surfaces undergoes a large bending motion when a low electric field is applied across its thickness. Such actuators are soft, lightweight, and able to operate in solutions and thus show promise with regard to a wide range of applications, including MEMS sensors, art...

the effect of single and double-layer anti-reflective coatings on efficiency enhancement of silicon solar cells was investigated. the reflectance of different anti-reflection structures were calculated using the transfer matrix method and then to predict the performance of solar cells coated by these structures, the weighted average reflectance curves were used as an input of a pc1d simulation....

The ground state energies of two interacting electrons confined in a coupled double quantum dot (DQD) presented in a magnetic field has been calculated by solving the relative Hamiltonian using variational and exact diagonalization methods. The singlet-triplet transitions in the angular momentum and spin of the quantum dot ground state had been shown .We have studied the magnetic field versus c...

The ground state energies of two interacting electrons confined in a coupled double quantum dot (DQD) presented in a magnetic field has been calculated by solving the relative Hamiltonian using variational and exact diagonalization methods. The singlet-triplet transitions in the angular momentum and spin of the quantum dot ground state had been shown .We have studied the magnetic field versus c...

Using the Hartree-Fock approximation, we calculate the energy of different Wigner crystal states for the two-dimensional electron gas of a double quantum well system in a strong magnetic field. Our calculation takes interlayer hopping as well as an in-plane magnetic field into consideration. The ground state at small layer separations is a one-component triangular lattice Wigner state. As the l...