This paper compares economic outcomes across areas in India which were under direct British colonial rule with areas which were under indirect colonial rule. Controlling for selective annexation using a specific policy rule, I find that areas which experienced direct rule have significantly lower levels of access to schools, health centers and roads in the post-colonial period. I find evidence ...

This study assesses the effect of black-white differences in school quality on black-white differences in health in later life resulting from the racial convergence in school quality for cohorts born between 1910 and 1950 in southern states with segregated schools. Using data from the 1984-2007 National Health Interview Surveys linked to race-specific data on school quality, we find that reduct...

2036 How did life emerge from a soup of chemicals? How do patterns such as schools of fi sh form from individuals? How do voting patterns emerge? Such a diverse array of problems seems completely unrelated. However, they all involve “emergence of complexity.” When individuals come together, they form patterns, structures, and organizations that cannot be discerned from the individuals alone. Th...

INTRODUCTION Difficulties in word-level reading skills are prevalent in Brazilian schools and may deter children from gaining the knowledge obtained through reading and academic achievement. Music education has emerged as a potential method to improve reading skills because due to a common neurobiological substratum. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of music education for the improveme...

Constructing a rigorous identification strategy based on a unique educational reform involving preference-based random assignment of students to different middle schools in Beijing, this paper examines how school and teacher characteristics affect student academic performance. Results show that school matters for test scores at the High School Entrance Examination. Teachers’ comprehensive quali...

The authors thank all the teachers and school administrators who generously participated in this study. We are indebted to the school district for permitting us to conduct the research. We also thank the Ford Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for their financial support. All views presented here are our own.

Lecturing at Sheffield in the series of addresses on, " Health Education," upon " Health and Ventilation," Dr. H. M. Vernon, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, and Investigator for the Industrial Fatigue Research Board, detailed the results of an elaborate series of observations recently made in the State of New York upon the influence of various systems of ventilation in the public schools. T...

Recruitment of occupational therapy students requires both expansion and broadening of ethnic, cultural, age, sex, and geographic distribution. Information used to guide recruitment activities can be limited, quickly outdated, and regionally nonspecific. Applicants to all entry-level programs in the Northwest were surveyed to assess trends that could influence recruitment practices. One hundred...

School achievement among black, white, and Hispanic elementary school children was investigated, and efforts were made to study the beliefs about academic achievement of the children and their mothers. A total of approximately 3,000 first, third, and fifth graders enrolled in 20 schools in the Chicago metropolitan area were given achievement tests in mathematics and reading. Black and Hispanic ...