background and aims: newcastle disease virus (ndv) is an avian paramyxovirus (a-pmv 1) and one of the major pathogens in poultries. vaccination is intended to control the disease, nevertheless this virus is a growing threat to the poultry industry. so, early detection of the virus can prevent the spread of illness and avoid huge economic losses. towards this goal, in this research, we developed...

The technique of immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) is widely employed in the qualitative analysis of serum immunoglobulins. The most commonly used support media are agarose or agar gels, but the mobility of immunoglobulins is different in these two media. The presence of a small amount of a cathodal monoclonal immunoglobulin G may not be detected on IEP in agar if it is masked by larger amounts of po...

The important roles of the spike protein and other structural proteins in murine coronavirus (MHV) pathogenesis have been demonstrated; however, the role of the replicase gene remains unexplored. We assessed the influence of the replicase genes of the highly neurovirulent MHV-JHM strain and the hepatotropic and mildly neurovirulent A59 strain in acute infection of the mouse. Analysis of chimeri...

Streptococcal M proteins are antiphagocytic molecules varying immunologically from type to type while maintaining an identical biological effect. The virulence of the group A streptococcus is directly related to the presence of the M antigens on the cell surface and resistance to infection by these organisms is dependent on the presence of opsonic antibodies directed towards the M molecules. Va...

Fox, Eugene N. (University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.). Intracellular M protein of group A Streptococcus. J. Bacteriol. 85:536-540. 1963.-A heat-labile M protein antigen in protoplasts of a type 14 strain of group A Streptococcus has been demonstrated in a soluble form in the cytoplasm, and also bound to the protoplasmic membrane. When trypsinized whole cells (from which the M protein on the cel...