This study aimed to analyze the final fermentation culture of Bacillus sphaericus 2362, standardize it and develop an active tablet formulation for use in urban mosquito breeding sites. It was performed in three phases: analysis and standardization of a B. sphaericus fermented culture; physical, chemical, and biological analysis of the active powder (solubility, residual humidity, particle size...

The biodiversity and the biogeography are still poorly understood for freshwater invertebrates. The crustacean Chydorus sphaericus-brevilabris complex (Cladocera: Chydoridae) is composed of species that are important components of Holarctic freshwater food webs. Recent morphological and genetic study of the complex has indicated a substantial species diversity in the northern hemisphere. Howeve...

Sugar meals of plant origin are an important component of the sand fly diet. We show that sugar solution baits have potential as vehicles for phlebotomine sand fly control. In the laboratory, adult Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire and Sergentomyia schwetzi (Adler, Theodor, and Parrot) that have consumed an aqueous sucrose solution containing Bacillus sphaericus Neide toxins and are subsequent...

N'-methoxy phenylurea herbicides are degraded by induced cells of Bacillus sphaericus ATCC 12123 by liberating carbon dioxide from the ureido portion of the molecule and leaving the corresponding aniline moieties. Cell-free extracts of B. sphaericus inactivate these herbicides in the same way as reported for whole cells. A 6.6-fold purification of the crude extract was achieved by a combination...

Replacement of glycine by serine at positions 123 and 124 of phenylalanine dehydrogenases from Bacillus badius and Bacillus sphaericus respectively strikingly decreased enzyme activity toward aromatic amino acids and resulted in an elevation of relative activity toward aliphatic amino acids. The mutant from B. badius preferentially dehydrogenated branched-chain amino acids, while that from B. s...

In this work, we describe the genome of Lysinibacillus sp. strain A1, which was isolated from tropical soil. Analysis of its genome sequence shows the presence of a gene encoding for a putative peptidase responsible for nitrogen compounds.

Bacillus sphaericus is a spore-forming aerobic bacterium, several strains of which are pathogenic for mosquito larvae. During sporulation, the most active strains produce a crystal toxin with a high degree of larvicidal activity. The toxin is composed of two proteins of 51.4 and 41.9 kDa, which are encoded by highly conserved chromosomal genes. After B. sphaericus is ingested, these proteins ar...

A large-scale operational field trial was conducted from June 1993 to October 1994 to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus sphaericus (strain B-101, serotype H5a,5b) for control of the vectors of filariasis (Culex quinquefasciatus) and Japanese encephalitis (Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. vishnui) in Rourkela city. Application of B. sphaericus, when sprayed at 1 g/m2 in storm drains, wastewater poo...

Field resistance to Bacillus sphaericus was observed in a population of Culex quinquefasciatus in Kochi, India, exposed to 35 rounds of spraying with a formulation of B. sphaericus 1593 M over a 2-year period. Larvae from the sprayed area gave LC50 and LC90 values that were 146 and 180 times greater than corresponding values for a susceptible strain from an unsprayed locality. When the resistan...

Biological fitness components of a field-collected colony of Culex quinquefasciatus Say that was highly resistant to Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 (resistance ratio greater than 163,000) after 46 generations of selection were compared to those of a susceptible colony (CqSF) that had originated from the same parental cohort but that had not been exposed to B. sphaericus. The effect of B. sphae...