The time-lag method, using a gas permeation experiment, is currently the most popular method for determining the membrane properties: diffusivity coefcient and permeability coefcient, and from which the solubility coefcient can be calculated. In this investigation, the impact of systematic, random (noise), resolution and extrapolation errors associated with gas permeatio...

NF/RO membrane filtration processes have been recognized as an important technology to facilitate water recycling. Those processes are well-proven technologies, which can be used to remove a wide range of contaminants including trace contaminants that are of particular concern in water recycling. However, risk implications in association with brine or concentrate and membrane cleaning wastewate...

In this review, the new solar water treatment technologies, including desalination in two direct and indirect methods, are comprehensively presented. Recent advances applications of five major technologies include solar-powered humidification–dehumidification, multi-stage flash desalination, multi-effect RO, stills. Each technology’s productivity, energy consumption, production costs Also, comm...

Biofouling and scaling on reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) membranes during desalination of secondary and tertiary effluents pose an obstacle that limits the reuse of wastewater. In this study we explored the mineral scaling induced by biopolymers originated from bacterial biofilms: bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibrinogen, lysozyme and alginic acid, as well as an extracts of extracell...

Municipal wastewater is a very unique pool full of energy and useful substances. Though the innovative integrated anaerobic membrane bioreactor reverse osmosis-ion exchange (AnMBR-RO-IE) process can produce high-grade reclaimed water with high efficiency, phosphorus resources recovery in WWTPs has been rarely reported thus far. This study evaluated feasibility batch reactor (PRBR) as an approac...

Growing uncertainty in the future availability of freshwater sources has led to an increase installations for desalination seawater. Reverse osmosis (RO), currently most widely adopted technique, caused environmental concerns over high associated greenhouse gas emissions and generation large amounts chemicals-containing brine. Significant consumption electricity RO is additional challenge, part...

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatment is currently of interest, as stringent standards have been released in order to limit the pollution emissions from energy industry, and concerns about water scarcity are also increasing. Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane a promising alternative for highly efficient FGD treatment. However, fouling strongly limits its application. This study develop...

Abstract Biofouling has been referred to as “the Achilles heel” of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology; the main cause being polyamide RO membranes lack chlorine tolerance. increases operating cost water treatment by increasing system feed pressure (i.e., energy demand) and cleaning frequency, which downtime reduces useful life. For waters with known high biofouling potential, plant design...

A systematic measurement of ions and 2H/1H, 7Li/6Li, 11B/10B, 18O/ 16O, and 87Sr/86Sr isotopes in feed-waters, permeates, and brines from commercial reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants in Israel (Ashkelon, Eilat, and Nitzana) and Cyprus (Larnaca) reveals distinctive geochemical and isotopic fingerprints of fresh water generated from desalination of seawater (SWRO) and brackish water (BWRO)...

Qatar’s primary source of fresh water is through seawater desalination. Amongst the major processes that are commercially available on the market, the most common large scale techniques are Multi-Stage Flash distillation (MSF), Multi Effect distillation (MED), and Reverse Osmosis (RO). Although commonly used, these three processes are highly expensive down to high energy input requirements and ...