Section 5.0 of DO-178B/ED-12B explains that when Source Code is generated directly from high-level requirements (HLR), then the high-level requirements are also considered lowlevel requirements (LLR), and the guidelines for low-level requirements also apply. This part of section 5.0 addresses the case where the system-level requirements are "directly" highly refined (i.e., created in one refine...

Programmers of high-performance applications face two major implementation options: to use a high-level language which manages communication implicitly or to use a low-level language while specifying communication explicitly. The high-level approach offers safety and convenience, but forces programmers to give up control, making it difficult to hand-tune communications or to estimate communicat...

An erbium:YAG laser can be used to achieve an effect termed “laser analgesia”. This is based on the concept that "simultaneous low level laser therapy" (LLLT) may occur along with high level laser treatment, as outlined by by Ohshiro and Calderhead. Laser analgesia is a non-destructive, non-thermal bio-modulation of dental pulp responses. It is not profound anaesthesia (the lack of all sensatio...

For audio music with time-varying meters, tempo estimation is a challenging task. This paper proposes several new low-level features of tempogram to determine pulse the classification of duple/triple meters, which can guide the determination of the overall tempo. After the judgment of meters, then we apply k-means clustering on tempo curve to perform tempo estimation. Index Terms – Tempo Estima...

This paper addresses the problem of finding or producing the best ordering of the sentences in a text. I focus on using semantic properties of the words, as well as the high-level structure of each of the texts, to produce or choose the best ordering. In choosing an original sentence ordering from a group of sentential permutations of the same text, information about the topic of the text is he...

[1] The role of low-level transpacific paths in bringing east Asian air to the North American west coast surface is determined using conditional transit-time distributions. These distributions are computed with the MATCH transport model driven by NCEP reanalysis data. Transpacific paths that lie entirely below 2.2 km contribute negligibly to the west coast column burden of east Asian air. Howev...

We present a variant of the snapshot model [1] for insect visual homing. In this model a snapshot image is taken by an agent at the goal position. The disparity between current and snapshot images is subsequently used to guide the agent’s return. A matrix of local low-level processing elements is applied here to compute this disparity and transform it into a motion vector. This scheme contrasts...

Societies with low-level food production economies occupy the vast and diverse middle ground between hunting–fishing–foraging and agriculture. Efforts by Ford, Harris, Rindos, Zvelebil, and others to characterize this “in-between” territory are discussed, and a new conceptual framework is proposed. Domestication, the central landmark of this middle ground, is situated well away from the boundar...