OBJECTIVES In light of the importance of physical activity, the aim of the present study is to examine the factors affecting participation in physical activity among adults in Malaysia. METHODS A logistic regression model and the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey consisting of 30,992 respondents were used. RESULTS Age, income, gender, education, marital status, region, house locali...

In this study, we estimate the total burden of disease associated with income in the US. We calculate the relationships between income and life expectancy, health-adjusted life expectancy, annual years of life lost (YLLs), and health adjusted life years (HALYs). We used the 2000 US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to derive quality of life estimates by income and age, the 1990-1992 US National ...

High income inequality can be a source of serious socio-economic problems, such as increasing poverty, social stratification and polarization. Periods of pronounced economic growth or recession may impact different groups of earners differently. Growth may not be shared equally and economic crises may further widen gaps between the wealthiest and poorest sectors. Poverty affects all ages but ch...

Many developed countries have experienced a sharp rise in income inequality during the past three decades, and the United States is no exception (1). For example, the average annual salary in America in inflation-adjusted 1998 dollars increased from $32,522 in 1970 to $35,864 in 1999, that is, a modest 10 percent increase over three decades. By contrast over the same period, the average annual ...

A significant amount of non-compliance associated with the personal income tax is due to the taxpayers who are not “in the system,” not having filed a tax return in the recent past or perhaps ever. We use experimental laboratory methods to examine two types of positive incentives for filing tax returns: tax credits and social safety net benefits, both of which are conditional on tax filing. Our...

Using administrative panel data on the entire Danish population we document a new set of facts characterizing occupational mobility. For most occupations, mobility is U-shaped and directional: not only low but also high wage earners within an occupation have a particularly large probability of leaving their occupation, and the low (high) earners tend to switch to new occupations with lower (hig...

Earnings non-response in household surveys is widespread, yet there is limited evidence on whether and how non-response bias affects measured earnings. This paper examines the patterns and consequences of non-response using internal Current Population Survey (CPS ASEC) individual records matched to administrative SSA data on earnings for calendar years 2005-2010. Our findings include the follow...

A rapidly growing literature shows that consumers can be inattentive to complex or notfully-salient financial incentives. This literature typically estimates “the average mistake,” and uses representative agent models to analyze the economic implications. This paper shows, theoretically and empirically, that accounting for heterogeneity in mistakes is crucial in positive and normative analysis....

BACKGROUND Primary open angle glaucoma is reported to blind 150,000 people in the Nigerian population and over 7000 in Rivers State, and requires constant follow-up. Compliance is a challenge, given that most inhabitants live below the poverty line. This study was performed to determine how Nigerian patients are affected economically by the disease. METHODS Consecutive adult patients attendin...

It is routine to control for “average” income when assessing the independent eVect of income inequality on health, but authors have used diVerent measures, for example, percentage poverty, per capita or mean income, and median income. 4 However, as the distribution of income in a population is always positively skewed (that is, a long thin tail for the few with high incomes), the median income ...