In this paper, the methods and analysis for estimating the location of a three-dimensional (3-D) single source buried in lossy medium are presented with uniform circular array (UCA). The mathematical model of the signal in the lossy medium is proposed. Using information in the covariance matrix obtained by the sensors' outputs, equations of the source location (azimuth angle, elevation angle, a...

Ultrathin metallic films may act as quantum boxes when some conditions are met. Here, we discuss these conditions for the simplest case of one-dimensional confinement and we review some of the properties that emerge from the reduced dimensionality of the films. We emphasize the difference between extremely thin layers of up to several monolayers thickness and thicker ultrathin films. Taking the...

In this paper, we propose a new one-dimensional (1D) integer discrete cosine transform (Int-DCT) for unified lossless/lossy image compression. The proposed 1D Int-DCT is newly designed to reduce rounding effects by minimizing number of rounding operations. The proposed Int-DCT can be operated not only lossless coding for a high quality decoded image but also lossy coding for a compatibility wit...

A number of reversible integer-to-integer wavelet transforms are compared on the basis of their lossy compression performance, lossless compression performance, and computational complexity. Of the transforms considered, several were found to perform particularly well, with the best choice for a given application depending on the relative importance of lossless compression performance, lossy co...

This paper presents an unconditionally stable leapfrog alternating-direction-implicit finite-difference time-domain (ADIFDTD) method for lossy media. Conductivity terms of lossy media are incorporated into the leapfrog ADI-FDTD method in an analogous manner as the conventional explicit FDTD method since the leapfrog ADI-FDTD method is a perturbation of the conventional explicit FDTD method. Imp...

In this paper two R‑L network simulator configurations employing a single VDDIBA, one resistance and one grounded capacitance are presented. The first configuration is a grounded series resistor-inductor (R‑L) network simulator and the second configuration is intended for grounded parallel resister-inductor (R‑L) circuit simulation. Both the proposed circuits enjoy several beneficial features s...

We introduce and realize demons that follow a customary gambling strategy to stop nonequilibrium process at stochastic times. derive second-law-like inequalities for the average work done in presence of gambling, universal stopping-time fluctuation relations classical quantum non-stationary processes. test experimentally our results single-electron box, where an electrostatic potential drives d...

Spherical dielectric resonators are highly attractive for light manipulation, thanks to their intrinsic electric and magnetic resonances. Here, we present measurements of the mid-infrared far-field thermal radiation single subwavelength spheres deposited on a gold substrate, radii ranging from 1 2.5 μm, which agree quantitatively with simulated absorption cross sections. For SiO2 microspheres, ...

A spot that flickers at 16 Hz between two luminance levels (on a grey surround) has an appearance of metallic lustre, which we call 'monocular lustre'. Binocular and monocular lustre were measured in comparable conditions by a rating procedure, and both were reported only when the light and dark values of the flickering (or binocularly fused) spot straddled the surround luminance, so that the s...

A positive response from a metal detector when run over an area of the body is a strong positive indicator of the presence of a metallic object. If there is a possibility of a buried metallic foreign body this positive finding should not be ignored.