Abstract We can measure the complexity of a logical formula by counting number alternations between existential and universal quantifiers. Suppose that an elementary first-order $\varphi $ (in $\mathcal {L}_{\omega ,\omega }$ ) is equivalent to infinitary language {L}_{\infty with n prove finitary Thus using logic does not allow us express in simpler way.

This paper investigates a novel design of penternary logic gates usingcarbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs). CNTFET is a suitable candidate forreplacing MOSFET with some useful properties, such as the capability of having thedesired threshold voltage by regulating the diameter of the nanotubes. Multiple-valuedlogic (MVL) such as ternary, quaternary, and penternary is a promising al...

the logical treatise al-muhja has been attributed to avicenna in some bibliographies of logical treatises. since a proper understanding of the development of avicennian logic rests on the identification and consideration of the entire corpus of his logical works, the task of the present study is to investigate the validity of ascription of this treatise to avicenna. in carrying out an analysis ...

modernization has occurred in philosophical discourses of new sadrāi in form, method and content. changes and modernization also have occurred in the philosophy of mullā hadi sabzevari in relation with these issues. accordingly, we introduce him as initiator of the philosophical movement of new sadrāi. although his thought is in the line of sadrāi philosophy, there are some disagreements betwee...

all practical digital circuits are usually a mixture of combinational and sequential logic. flip–flops are essential to sequential logic therefore fuzzy flip–flops are considered to be among the most essential topics of fuzzy digital circuit. the concept of fuzzy digital circuit is among the most interesting applications of fuzzy sets and logic due to the fact that if there has to be an ultimat...