Many problems in Ad-Hoc network is divided as an optimization problem such as consumption in energy, localization, routing, use of nodes in effective way. To solve these problems set of routing algorithm have been developed based on swarm intelligence. Ant colony algorithm is based on the behavior of ants in swarm intelligence. To enhance the communication we use different protocols and also lo...

The location routing problem (LRP) is a relatively new research direction within location analysis that takes into account vehicle routing aspect. The goal of LRP is to solve a facility location problem and a vehicle routing problem simultaneously. We propose a simulated annealing (SA) based heuristic for solving the LRP. The proposed heuristic is tested on some well-known benchmark instances a...

A location service is an essential prerequisite for geographic routing protocols for MANETs. We present VHLS, a new distributed location service protocol, that features a dynamic location server selection mechanism and adapts to network traffic workload, minimizing the overall location service overhead. We demonstrate that the ratio of location queries to updates is an important performance par...

Geometric routing using source–destination locations has been suggested as a scalable alternative to conventional routing approaches in mobile ad hoc networks. Prior studies have shown that the location of a destination can be found efficiently in large/dense ad hoc networks using intelligent location management schemes by recruiting nodes in specific unit regions of the terrain as location ser...

A three-level relief chain including a number of suppliers in fixed locations, candidate distribution centers and affected areas at certain points are considered. A mixed integer nonlinear programming model is proposed for open transportation location routing problem by considering split delivery of demand. To solve a realistic problem, foregoing parameters are considered as fuzzy in our propos...

Minimizing Energy consumption is considered as one of the most important principles in the development of routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In this study, we propose a Location based Energy-Aware Reliable routing protocol (LEAR) for WSN based on sensor position and clustering. Geographical routing protocols are efficient and convenient for optimum energy consumption and band...