Three-dimensional game requires a faster, simpler file format. In the article it introduces the definition and the format of the MD3 model file and the loading process is discussed in detail. It also describes the definitions and format of the MD3 model file that the Quake 3 engine uses. And through the development process of a virtual role in the movement controlling platform to demonstrates h...

Wind loads on structures under the buffeting action of wind gusts have traditionally been treated by the ‘‘gust loading factor’’ (GLF) method in most major codes and standards around the world. In this scheme, the equivalent static wind loading used for design is equal to the mean wind force multiplied by the GLF. Although the traditional GLF method ensures an accurate estimation of the displac...

Abstraet--A budget model is developed to predict the long-term response of a lake to changes in its phosphorus loading. This model computes total phosphorus and hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations, taking sediment-water interactions into account. The lake is treated as two segments: the water and a surface sediment layer. A total phosphorus budget for the water accounts for inputs due to externa...

Removal of Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) dyes from monocomponent and binary aqueous solutions by water hyacinth-E. Crassipes roots fixed on alginate (a low-cost adsorbent) has been investigated. The extent of adsorption was evaluated as a function of solution pH, initial dye concentration, and bead biomass loading. Kinetic sorption data were analysed by widely used models: pseudo-...

This paper presents a methodology for assessing the confidence and the predictive capability of prognosis models, using the application of fatigue crack growth analysis. Structures with complicated geometry and multi-axial variable amplitude loading conditions are considered. Several models – finite element model, crack growth model, retardation model, surrogate model, etc. – are efficiently co...

We propose a method for interactive deformation of large detail meshes. Our method allows the users to manipulate the mesh directly using freely-selected handles on the mesh. To best preserve surface details, we introduce a new surface representation, the skin-detached surface. It represents a detail surface model as a peeled “skin” added over a simplified surface model. The “skin” contains the...

Surface roughness is known to easily suppress the adhesion of elastic surfaces. Here, a simple model for the contact of viscoelastic rough surfaces with significant levels of adhesion is presented. This approach is derived from our previous model (Barthel, E.; Haiat, G. Langmuir 2002, 18, 9362) for the adhesive contact of viscoelastic spheres. For simplicity, a simple loading/unloading history ...

analysis and prediction of structural response to static or dynamic loading requires prediction of concrete response tovariable load histories. the constitutive equations for the mechanical behavior of concrete capable of seeing damage effects or crack growth procedure under loading/unloading/reloading was developed upon micro-plane framework. the proposed damage formulation has been built on t...

This study is aimed at evaluation of the deformation behavior of Shirasu soil (volcanic sandy soil) for reclamation and embankment construction, using elastoplastic constitutive equation based on the subloading surface model with the rotational hardening. Test results for isotropic consolidation and monotonic/cyclic loading-unloading compression with several lateral stresses under the drained c...