the effect of microbial load on the condition index of the edible oyster, saccostrea cucullata were analysed on monthly basis during 2010 and 2011 from the three different stations (namkhana, frasergaunge and sajnekhali) of indian sundarbans. the results showed significant variation with respect to microbial load between stations and seasons, which is reflected in the tissue of edible oyster. s...

This paper examines how transnational gold mining operations are transforming rural household livelihoods in the Cajamarca region of Peru. In particular, this paper evaluates how Newmont Mining Corporation’s Minera Yanacocha (MYSA) mining operations are altering access to the produced, human, natural and social capital resources that households utilize to produce their livelihoods. The paper ar...

Introduction Fly ash, a by-product from power plants, is a powdery gray material that is stored in large ash dykes or ponds. This ash is used in making bricks and in cement factories. Fly ash is considered to be a major pollution problem as it is dispersed into the air and pollutes bodies of water. However, for the local tribal populations of Korba district, Chhattisgarh state, fly ash is becom...

We examine the dynamics of household vulnerability during the past 30 years within three different socialecological upland systems in Lijiang, Yunnan. Interviews were conducted to construct coupled human-environmental timelines to facilitate the understanding of livelihood dynamics in the context of more general changes that constitute both constraints and opportunities. The results indicate th...

The present study was carried out to know the rural livelihood sustainability of suicideprone farmers families of Vidarbha. Total 60 families of suicide victim farmers were selected randomly from 46 villages for this study it covers total 9 Tahsils of 6 distress districts of Vidarbha. The study revealed that the rural livelihood sustainability of majority (83.33%) of the families was found to b...

The Resources and Shaping Forces (RSF) model is developed from a case study in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, using modified grounded theory. It provides a conceptual framework for identifying, describing and analysing livelihood and natural systems at the community level, and helps link the principles of sustainable livelihoods to those of community development. The shaping forces set of instituti...

This paper evaluates evidence that fish stocks in Africa's inland waters are climate-driven and cannot be stabilized by conventional fisheries management measures. We draw on published material and our own recent and on-going research in Lake Chad and the East African Great Lakes area to propose that fisherfolk's livelihood strategies are well adapted to both seasonal and inter-annual climate-i...

HIV and poverty are inextricably intertwined in sub-Saharan Africa. Economic and livelihood intervention strategies have been suggested to help mitigate the adverse economic effects of HIV, but few intervention studies have focused specifically on HIV-positive persons. We conducted three pilot studies to assess a livelihood intervention consisting of an initial orientation and loan package of c...