Catchment models are by definition simplified representations of the real world system. This aggregation takes place in space and time and has several important consequences. First, there are no generally applicable rules to perform this aggregation, and the resulting model structure is usually a function of the modeller’s hydrological understanding. Secondly, the model parameters cannot be mea...

THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC CATCHMENT AREA (ECA) Program is a developmental series of epidemiologic research studies performed by independent research teams in collaboration with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES) of the Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The broad aims of the Program are the historical goals of psychiatric epidemiology, to estimate...

the chemical speciation of heavy metals (arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, zinc and tin) in the sediments offormer tin mining catchment bestari jaya, peninsular malaysia was determined by using the latest version of the community bureau of reference, usually called the bcr 3-step sequential extraction procedure. furthermore, a fourth step was introduced for digestion and analysis of the residue....

The RAIN and CLIMEX experiments at Risdalsheia, southernmost Norway, together cover 17 years (1984-2000) of whole-catchment manipulation of acid deposition and climate. A 1200 m2 roof placed over the forest canopy at KIM catchment excluded about 80% of ambient acid deposition; clean rain was sprinkled under the roof. A climate change treatment (3.7oC increase in air temperature and increase in ...

The purpose of the study was to determine the role of land use, seasonality, and hydrometeorological conditions on the relationship between stream water potassium (K+) concentration and discharge during different types of floods-short- and long-duration rainfall floods as well as snowmelt floods on frozen and thawed soils. The research was conducted in small catchments (agricultural, woodland, ...

extensive flood damages all over the world necessitate its control and operation. hydrologic impacts of land use change appear in many ways such as total runoff, and flood peak flow. this study was performed in 2014 and aimed to investigate the impacts of land use changes on the occurrence of floods in the catchment of boostan dam in golestan province, iran. for this purpose, watershed modeling...

CLASS Spatial Analyst is a GIS tool which can be used for spatial modelling. The tool generates a number of spatial layers that can be used for many practical applications. These include climate zoning, multi-resolution DEMs, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) / Compound Topographic Index (CTI), lateral multiple flow paths, accumulation and dispersion of water and solutes from hazard areas, estima...

uncertainty associated with mixing models is often substantial, but has not yet been fully incorporated in models. the objective of this study is to develop and apply a bayesian-mixing model that estimates probability distributions of source contributions to a mixture associated with multiple sources for assessing the uncertainty estimation in sediment fingerprinting in zidasht catchment, iran....