Phase transition is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, science and technology. In general, the phase separation from a homogeneous phase depends on the depth of the temperature quench into the two-phase region. Earth's gravity masks the details of phase separation phenomena, which is why experiments were performed under weightlessness. Under such conditions, the pure fluid sulphur hexafluoride ...

The requirements of liquid chromatography (LC) separation systems to separate proteins are often different from those of small molecules as the inherent properties of proteins can result in loss by adsorption, precipitation at zero charge or broad and asymmetric peaks in liquid chromatography. This article looks at the specific separation problems of proteins; the advantages and disadvantages o...

Since evidence first appeared for 'detergent-resistant membranes' in the early to mid-1990s, cell biologists from a wide spectrum of biological sciences have been intrigued by the functional relevance of this indication of membrane heterogeneity, commonly referred to as 'lipid rafts'. Model membrane studies revealed that these lipid rafts are related to the more ordered liquid phase that forms ...

Liquid-liquid phase separation of charge- and/or aromatic-enriched intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is critical in the biological function of membraneless organelles. Much of the physics of this recent discovery remains to be elucidated. Here, we present a theory in the random phase approximation to account for electrostatic effects in polyampholyte phase separations, yielding predictio...

in this research mass transfer coefficient under jetting regime in different directions (from dispersed to continuous and continuous to dispersed phase) has been studied using an experimental setup. n-butanol-succinic acid-water with low interfacial tension has been selected as experimental chemical system. the effects of various parameters such as jet velocity, nozzle diameter and the height o...