Density functional theory calculations are used to investigate the energetics of protons crossing triple phase boundaries based on a metal catalyst, Pd or Ni, and barium zirconate. Our calculations show that the proton transfer reaction at these interfaces is controlled by the terminal layer of the electrolyte in contact with the metallic and gas phases. The hydrogen spilling process onto the e...

In this work, cornstarch-based electrolytes are doped with ammonium bromide (NH4Br) and plasticized with glycerol. Starch-NH4Br complexation is evidenced from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results. A room temperature conductivity of (5.57±1.88)×10 S cm obtained by 70wt% starch–30 wt% NH4Br electrolyte is enhanced to (1.80±0.26)×10 S cm with the addition of 30 wt% glycerol. ...

Quantitative electrolyte extraction from lithium ion batteries (LIB) is of great interest for recycling processes. Following the generally valid EU legal guidelines for the recycling of batteries, 50 wt % of a LIB cell has to be recovered, which cannot be achieved without the electrolyte; hence, the electrolyte represents a target component for the recycling of LIBs. Additionally, fluoride or f...

Gel electrolytes have attracted increasing attention for solid-state supercapacitors. An ideal gel electrolyte usually requires a combination of advantages of high ion migration rate, reasonable mechanical strength and robust water retention ability at the solid state for ensuring excellent work durability. Here we report a zwitterionic gel electrolyte that successfully brings the synergic adva...

Models that accurately predict solid–solute phase equilibria in aqueous electrolyte solutions are of mounting importance for numerous industrial processes, especially those operating at high temperatures, pressures, and concentrations. The incorporation of such electrolyte models into process simulators is in great demand. This communication will focus on thermodynamically consistent models tha...

A series of nitrogen-doped porous graphene foams (NPGFs) have been prepared by hydrothermally treating a mixed solution of graphite oxide (GO) and ammonia. The NPGFs are used as the counter electrode (CE) material for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) in conjunction with the conventional iodide-based electrolyte and the recently developed sulfide-based electrolyte. Tafel-polarization tests and ...

An array of microelectrodes covered in an electrolyte and energized by a traveling-wave potential produces net movement of the fluid. Arrays of platinum microelectrodes of two different characteristic sizes have been studied. For both sizes of arrays, at low voltages (<2 V pp) the electrolyte flow is in qualitative agreement with the linear theory of ac electroosmosis. At voltages above a thres...

A unique way of robustly integrating an elastomer fi lm onto a graphitic anode and then post-process it into a solid-state electrolyte for lithium-ion battery applications is reported. The mutual solvability of the elastomer and the binder of the graphitic anode (carboxymethyl cellulose, (CMC)) in dimethylformamide facilitates the fusion of the two heterogeneous layers. Dimensional dynamics evo...

Fluid and electrolyte disorders are very common in critically ill patients. There are some circumstances in which a patient is placed in intensive care for the management of a specific electrolyte disturbance such as hyponatremia or hyperkalemia. The development of electrolyte disturbances among critically ill patients is also common due to breakdown of homeostatic mechanisms that prevent the d...

Here, we report plasmonically enhanced thin dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in an imidazolium-dicyanamide based ionic liquid, in which size-controlled metal (silver) nanoparticles (AgNPs) with passivation layers of a few nanometers are arranged into the electrolyte and photo-electrodes. It was revealed that the AgNPs in the electrolyte and the photo-electrode have distinct effects on device ...