The present work solves two-dimensional Advection-Dispersion Equation (ADE) in a semi-infinite domain. A variable source concentration is regarded as the monotonic decreasing function at the source boundary (x=0). Depth-dependent variables are considered to incorporate real life situations in this modeling study, with zero flux condition assumed to occur at the exit boundary of the domain, i.e....

background: cytogenetic analysis, y-chromosome microdeletion screening, fish techniques and other genetic methods have helped in finding the causes of infertility in azoospermic or severe oligoazoospermic cases in the last decade. objective: in the present study, we characterized an abnormal y-chromosome, detected as a mosaic in an azoospermic male ascertained for infertility. materials and met...

The present work solves two-dimensional Advection-Dispersion Equation (ADE) in a semi-infinite domain. A variable source concentration is regarded as the monotonic decreasing function at the source boundary (x=0). Depth-dependent variables are considered to incorporate real life situations in this modeling study, with zero flux condition assumed to occur at the exit boundary of the domain, i.e....

We propose a criterion for identifying the orientation of the X-line when two regions of plasma with arbitrary densities, temperatures, and magnetic fields undergo reconnection. The X-line points in the direction that maximizes the (suitably-defined) Alfvén speed characterizing the reconnection outflow. For many situations a good approximation is that the X-line bisects the angle formed by the ...

The broad X-ray iron line seen in the spectra of many AGN is thought to originate from the inner regions of the putative black hole accretion disk, and hence provides a rare probe of that central region. In principle, future high throughput X-ray spectrometers should be able to examine the temporal response of this fluorescent line to flares in the X-ray continuum source (which energizes this e...

Recent observations of X–ray afterglows reveal the presence of a redshifted Kα iron line in emission in four bursts. In GRB 991216, the line was detected by the low energy grating of Chandra, which showed the line to be broad, with a full width of ∼15,000 km s. These observations indicate the presence of a > 1 M⊙ of iron rich material in the close vicinity of the burst, most likely a supernova ...

10.2 Physics Principles of In-line X-ray Phase-contrast Imaging......................................145 10.2.1 Attenuation, Phase Shift, and Optical Transmission ...................................145 10.2.2 System Configuration of In-line Phase-contrast Imaging............................145 10.2.3 Theoretical Framework of In-line Phase-contrast Imaging with Ideal Imaging Systems ...............

Current computed tomography (CT) scanners, including micro-CT scanners, utilize a point x-ray source. As we target higher and higher spatial resolutions, the reduced x-ray focal spot size limits the temporal and contrast resolutions achievable. To overcome this limitation, in this paper we propose to use a line-shaped x-ray source so that many more photons can be generated, given a data acquisi...