This article refers to carbon valuation as the practice of ascribing value to, and assessing the value of, actions and objects in terms of carbon emissions. Due to the pervasiveness of carbon emissions in the actions and objects of everyday lives of human beings, the making of carbon offsets and credits offers almost unlimited repertoires of alternatives to be included in contemporary carbon va...

A number of interactions in grammar are referred to as showing blocking effects, typically defined as cases in which the existence of one form prevents the existence of a form that is otherwise expected to occur. Patterns of analytic/synthetic alternation, in which two-word and one-word forms alternate with each other, have been taken to be instances of blocking in this sense. An example is fou...

This paper investigates the prosody of focalisation in Somali, a cushitic tonal accent language. The Somali nouns undergo many tonal accent alternations according to the discursive contexts. A primary aim of the study is to explain these alternations by assuming that they are triggered by intonative tones. However, very little attention has been devoted to the intonation of Somali. As Somali ha...

This paper discusses an approach to syntax that offers a new perspective on verbinitial languages that allow both VSO and VOS orders. A central assumption is that word order is not rigidly determined by structure. The predictions of this model are discussed in the context of St'át'imcets, Chamorro and Tongan. A comparison with several alternative analyses of VSO-VOS alternations shows that this...

In Korean verbal inflection, all forms in the paradigm (A-suffix, C-suffix, or ɨ-suffix forms) suffer from neutralization of some lexical contrasts, and there is no single form of the paradigm from which one can correctly predict all the other forms in the paradigm. Nevertheless, a survey of child errors and historical change show that the attested reanalyses are overwhelmingly based on ambigui...