BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Statistical models to predict the outcome of stroke patients have several uses. Their utility depends on their predictive accuracy in patients other than those on whom they were developed (ie, external validity). We sought to test the external validity of some recently described models in patients enrolled in the FOOD (Feed Or Ordinary Diet) trial: a large randomized tria...

In this contribution, we show that the incorporation of nonlinear dynamical measures into a multivariate discrimination provides a signal classification system that is robust to additive noise. The signal library was composed of nine groups of signals. Four groups were generated computationally from deterministic systems (van der Pol, Lorenz, Rössler and Hénon). Four groups were generated compu...

The determinants of recent U.S. district court judges and appellate court judges selection have been subject of much debate, but little systematic evidence has been presented to substantiate claims regarding discrimination against particular groups of judicial nominees, nor regarding the length of the appointment process. We study both the length of the nominations process, and the likelihood o...

We introduce neighborhood effects in the costs of human capital acquisition into a model of statistical discrimination in labor markets. This creates a link between the level of segregation and the likelihood and extent of statistical discrimination. As long as negative stereotypes persist in the face of increasing integration, skill levels rise in the disadvantaged group and fall in the advant...

In our previous demonstrations of chromatic discrimination in infants, we have used test and surround fields of different chromaticities that abutted each other at sharp chromatic edges. In order to see whether sharp chromatic edges are necessary for infants to make chromatic discriminations, 16-week-old infants were tested with three stimulus configurations in which sharp chromatic edges were ...

Environmental change can increase the likelihood of interspecific hybridization by altering properties of mate recognition and discrimination between sympatric congeners. We examined how exposure to an environmentally widespread endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), bisphenol A (BPA), affected visual communication signals and behavioral isolation between an introduced freshwater fish and a nativ...

We study separation between models of speech attributes. A good measure of separation usually serves as a key indicator of the discrimination power of these speech models because it can often be used to indirectly determine the performance of speech recognition and verification systems. In this study, we use a probabilistic distance, called generalized log likelihood ratio (GLLR), to measure th...

We present a closed-loop neurorobotic system to investigate haptic discrimination of Braille characters in a reading task. We first encode tactile stimuli into spiking activity of peripheral primary afferents, mimicking human mechanoreceptors. We then simulate a network of second-order neurones receiving the primary signals prior to their transmission to a probabilistic classifier. The latter e...

The improved spectral resolution of modern hyperspectral sensors provides capabilities for discrimination of subtly different classes and objects. However, in order to obtain statistically reliable classification results, the number of required training samples increases exponentially as the number of spectral bands increases. However, in many situations, acquisition of the large number of trai...

Fear generalization is the production of fear responses to a stimulus that is similar-but not identical-to a threatening stimulus. Although prior studies have found that fear generalization magnitudes are qualitatively related to the degree of perceptual similarity to the threatening stimulus, the precise relationship between these two functions has not been measured systematically. Also, it re...