We documented immediate and mid-term (5 y) impacts on streams from a large (15,500 ha) wildfire in northwestern Montana. Fire-related impacts were ecosystemwide, extending from water chemistry to fish. During the initial firestorm, phosphorus and nitrogen levels increased 5to 60-fold above background levels resulting from aerial deposition from smoke and ash. Nutrients returned to background co...

Constructing new urban facilities requires precise study of the proper sitting in different parts of a city. The first point for the accurate allocation of urban facilities, is to select the optimal site regarding different conditions and it matters when it comes to important factors such as saving lives and safety of the people. Therefore, the optimal site selection of fire stations is essenti...

As we read through the medical literature, we are always looking for the “hottest” new advances (jumping right into the smoke/fire analogy thing): basic science that gives us new mechanistic insights, clinical trials that confirm or reject our so-called insights, major new diagnostic and therapeutic options, and breakthrough technology. We are a lot like forest rangers, sitting up on a platform...

Many scientists and forest land managers concur that past fire suppression, grazing, and timber harvesting practices have created unnatural and unhealthy conditions in the dry, ponderosa pine forests of the western United States. Specifically, such forests are said to carry higher fuel loads and experience fires that are more severe than those that occurred historically. It remains unclear, how...

A cellular automata fire model represents ‘elements’ of fire by autonomous agents. A few simple algebraic expressions substituted for complex physical and meteorological processes and solved iteratively yield simulations for ‘super-diffusive’ fire spread and coupled surface-layer (2-m) fire–atmosphere processes. Pressure anomalies, which are integrals of the thermal properties of the overlying ...

Forest fires are one of the main causes of environmental degradation nowadays. Current surveillance systems for forest fires lack in supporting real-time monitoring of every point of a region at all times and early detection of fire threats. Solutions using wireless sensor networks, on the other hand, can gather sensory data values, such as temperature and humidity, from all points of a field c...

After ten consecutive years of drought, the last three severe and this current summer breaking almost all records for high temperatures and low rainfall, Australia is suffering bushfires of unprecedented intensity. A fire danger rating of 50 is extreme, 100 uncontrollable: the fire danger rating on February 6 was 180, and some reports have it as high as 400 on the next day, which is being calle...

Lightning-caused fire is the most important natural fire source. Its induced forest fire brings enormous losses to human beings and ecological environment. Many countries have paid great attention to the prediction of lightning-caused fire. From the viewpoint of the main factors affecting the formation of lightning-caused fire, this paper emphatically analyzed the effects and action mechanisms ...

Traits, such as resprouting, serotiny and germination by heat and smoke, are adaptive in fire-prone environments. However, plants are not adapted to fire per se but to fire regimes. Species can be threatened when humans alter the regime, often by increasing or decreasing fire frequency. Fire-adaptive traits are potentially the result of different evolutionary pathways. Distinguishing between tr...