Background: Various methods of ART have been able help to many women to have children. Surrogacy is one of these methods that is performed in Iran like other country. According to development of this method we need to survey of all, legal, religious, moral, psychological and sociological aspects. Materials and Methods: A review of library. Results: Although in most of volunteers of Surrogacy wo...

Foreign exchange risk is one of the most important components financial market. Like any other risk, it can be managed or avoided. Financial management requires relevant knowledge and resources only specialized institutions are engaged in doing so. Thee commercial banks do not accept foreign risks, their assets liabilities denominated same currency. Therefore, recommended for households busines...

Introduction Recent events in the residential mortgage industry have verified what many of us expected all along: that the bursting of the housing bubble is already exerting dramatic and wide-ranging pressure on the US economy. As the housing market continues to decline, consumer spending will contract and financial institutions will suffer as housingrelated financing instruments take the plunge.

A theoretical optimal hedging model is developed to determine potential demand from Australian farmers for a hedging tool to remove the economic consequences of climate related variability in wheat yield. In the past, financial instruments have been developed to hedge price risk on capital markets; however, in more recent times new financial instruments, weather derivatives, have been developin...