quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī (634h/1236ce-710h/1311ce) wrote four major works on astronomy: nihāyat al‐idrāk fī dirāyat al‐aflāk (“the utmost attainment in comprehending the orbs), in arabic, first edition completed mid-shaʿbān 680/november 1281); the ikhtiyārāt‐i muẓaffarī (“selections for muẓaffar al-dīn arslan” [a minor ruler in qasṭamūnī (modern kastamonu, turkey)], in persian, completed sometime...

e reviews by Izet Masic at al give me the pleasure of enjoying the passionate ideas and advances of Arabic medicine over the end of IX and beginning X centuries (1, 2, 3). ey state this the renaissance to several representative islamic authors such as Avicenna, Aver-roes, Rhazes, Avenzor, Ibn al-Nafis, Abulcasis, and many other wise men in di erent sciences and disciplines. is period is conside...

the mysticisms origin is taken from the lyrical poetry and has been that a means for explore of his meaning. as the great sufi, ibn arabi this is done and properly, technically the lyrics which we see in the tarjoman-al-ashvaq are  the most of his odes of perfection and sophistication, and is rich in metaphors and efficient mysteries of the poem.correctlly, tarjoman-al-ashvaq is interpretation ...

Sufism greatly influenced the ethical beliefs and values of al-Ghazali. Had it not been for that influence, his works would have lacked their special spiritual value. In this paper, I will examine the role that Sufi philosophy played in giving spiritual depth to the ethics of al-Ghazali and how he was ultimately drawn to Sufism. Al-Ghazali moved away from his focus on the law and realized the v...