This paper describes a new concept of automated fault analysis where fault transients and changes in power system equipment contacts are processed on-line. This allows faster confirmation of correct equipment operation and detection of unexpected equipment operations, as well as increased accuracy of fault location and analysis. The paper discusses two independent utility examples that illustra...

The reliability of smart substations has a great significance on the safety and stability of smart grid operation. Taking the protection system in smart substation as an example, this paper constructs comprehensive reliability models to evaluate the reliability of smart substations with different architectures. The paper first illustrates two important aspects which affect the reliability of th...

In the past 5 years, high brightness LEDs have begun to penetrate the lighting market. High brightness LEDs are attractive due to their high efficiency, very low power consumption and very long lifespans. This paper describes experiences in using white LEDs for lighting rural households in developing countries. The Light Up The World Foundation (LUTW) is an aid organization that has formed part...

The authors propose a full three-dimensional (3D) calculation model based on a multipole technique able to predict the magnetic field pollution outside of indoor medium voltage/low voltage (MV/LV) transformer substations. The authors demonstrate that the proposed model may be advantageously used in all problems related to the characterization of the electromagnetic environment around a MV/LV tr...

Light-emitting diode (LED) road lighting has been widely implemented in recent years, but few studies have evaluated its performance after installation. This study investigated whether LED road lighting complies with minimum regulations in terms of traffic safety and whether improvements for energy efficiency are possible. Average road surface luminance (L), overall luminance uniformity (Uo), l...

Gas-insulated substations (GIS) have different specifications in proportion to air-insulated substations. Transformer failures related to lightning and switching are often reported in the gas insulated substation (GIS). This problem is the voltage magnifications due to reflections of switching and lightning surges at various junctions within the GIS. thereby overvoltages in GIS are more importa...

Substation optimization involves positioning a substation(s) at the most suitable point with minimum cost. In this study, multiple data were collected from Turkish Electric Distribution Incorporated Company (TEİAŞ) for substation in Eryaman region. The substations will be placed straight points. Using capacity of substations, power, voltage drops, and service interruptions calculated 10-year pl...

The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory started its operation as a parasitic light source in 1973, becoming a fully dedicated user facility in 1992. A project was approved in 1998 to upgrade the storage ring to a third generation source. In order to sustain higher current in a tightly reconfigured magnetic lattice, it became necessary to upgrade the RF system from the present 5-cell cavit...