It is often desirable to consider an object’s movement over space and time from the perspective of different levels of detail or granularity. Changing to a more detailed view uncovers information that otherwise is unknown. Conversely, moving to a simpler view can improve our understanding of the movement patterns of an object. This paper considers shifts in granularity over geospatial lifelines...

When a massive disaster occurs, to repair the damaged part of lifeline networks, planning is needed to appropriately allocate tasks to two or more restoration teams and optimize their traveling routes. However, precedence and synchronization constraints make restoration teams interdependent of one another, and impede a successful solution by standard local search. In this paper, we propose an i...

Software Processes are the lifeline of any Software Development Model. Software Processes decide the survival of a particular software development model in the market as well as in software organization. The set of processes those proved to be effective and efficient for software development in one organization may or may not be followed in another organization. That is other organization finds...

River Ganga is a lifeline to about 500 million people inhabiting its basin. The river Ganga provides water for drinking, domestic needs, agriculture, livelihoods, industrial use, fishing, boating, recreation, religious, cultural activities and for energy. Besides the humans, the river supports rich fauna and flora, including the endangered Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica), ...

ion of modeling higher-order losses. For example, a survey might be circulated simply asking firms to estimate their indirect losses from an earthquake, i.e., those not associated with direct physical damage to their facilities or to direct lifeline curtailments. This would seem to obviate the expense of constructing a model, but it has two shortcomings. First, higher-order effects are so exten...