OBJECTIVES To determine how central field loss (CFL) affects reaction time to pedestrians and to test the hypothesis that scotomas lateral to the preferred retinal locus will delay detection of hazards approaching from that side. METHODS Participants with binocular CFL (scotoma diameter, 7°-25°; visual acuity, 0.3-1.0 logMAR) using lateral preferred retinal fixation loci and matched controls ...

The Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) Test is a brief and sensitive measure of executive cognitive dysfunction. There are two commonly used forms of the test, one using the letters F, A, and S, and the other using C, F, and L. This study examines the relative difficulty of the two forms using a meta-analytic approach that includes multiple samples of normal individuals. The effects of age...

Lewy bodies, neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, comprise alpha-synuclein filaments and other less defined proteins. Characterization of Lewy body proteins that interact with alpha-synuclein may provide insight into the mechanism of Lewy body formation. Double immunofluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy revealed approximately 80% of cortical...

Implicit schemes have been extensively used in building physics to compute the solution of moisture diffusion problems in porous materials for improving stability conditions. Nevertheless, these schemes require important sub-iterations when treating nonlinear problems. To overcome this disadvantage, this paper explores the use of improved explicit schemes, such as Dufort–Frankel, Crank–Nicolson...

The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods designed for hyperbolic problems arising from a wide range of applications are known to enjoy many computational advantages. DG methods coupled with strong-stabilitypreserving explicitRunge–Kutta discontinuousGalerkin (RKDG) timediscretizations provide a robust numerical approach suitable for geoscience applications including atmosphericmodeling.However, ...

A linear stability analysis is given for an odd–even-line hopscotch (OELH) method, which has been developed for integrating three-space dimensional, shallow water transport problems. Sufficient and necessary conditions are derived for strict von Neumann stability for the case of the general, constant coefficient, linear advection–diffusion model problem. The analysis is based on an equivalence ...

This paper provides an intercomparison of the dispersive and diffusive properties of several standard numerical methods applied to the 1D linearized shallow water equations without Coriolis term, including upwind and central finite-volume, spectral finite-volume, discontinuous Galerkin, spectral element, and staggered finite-volume. All methods are studied up to tenth-order accuracy, where poss...

OBJECTIVES To compare, in a retrospective clinicopathological study, the presentation features of patients with dementia and cortical Lewy bodies (Lewy body dementia) with those of patients with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS From a population of 426 cases from the dementia brain bank, 39 cases of Lewy body dementia and 61 cases of Alzheimer's disease with presentation details were identified. ...

The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is based mainly on clinical criteria. Large clinicopathological studies reveal however a different diagnosis in up to 25% of the cases (Hughes et al., 1992). Recent advances in molecular biology have shown that some proteins, especially tau and alpha-synuclein, play an essential role in the pathogenesis of parkinsonian and dementing disorders. Such dise...

We investigate the problem asking whether the intersection of a context-free language (CFL) and a Petri net language (PNL) is empty. Our contribution to solve this long-standing problem which relates, for instance, to the reachability analysis of recursive programs over unbounded data domain, is to identify a class of CFLs called the finite-index CFLs for which the problem is decidable. The k-i...