background: the alteration of th1 and th2 cytokine levels is the subject of controversy in pleural effusions caused by malignancy, a situation that favors a th2 immune response. objective: to examine the different levels of il-4 and il-10 (th2 cytokines), and il-2 and interferon-γ (ifn-γ) (th1 cytokines) in malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. method: the cytokine levels in pleural fl...

Background: Opium addiction alters immune responses to stresses such as an injury due to changing the secretion of cytokines. The present study assessed the effect of opium addiction on the cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10] before and after laparotomy. Methods: Male rats were randomly divided into control and opium addicted (n = 20...

Background: Noradrenaline (NA), the principal neurotransmitter released from sympathetic nerve terminals, influences T-cell maturation, not only directly in developing T cells, but also indirectly, by acting on the thymic nonlymphoid cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, antiangiogenic and cytotoxic properties of propranolol, β-AR blocker,...

conclusions acute hev infection shows a pattern of th1-type immune response, and the direct significant positive correlation between the serum level of scd26 and ifn-γ in acute hev infected patients, suggests that the trend of scd26 levels is a valuable marker for predicting hepatic inflammation in hepatitis e. results the results showed a significant difference in ifn-γ and scd26 (p < 0.0001 a...

Background: The immunologic profile of chronic urticaria is not only important for diagnostic purposes, but also for therapeutic approaches. This study evaluated the serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interferon-ϒ (IFN-ϒ) in patients with chronic urticaria to find a biomarker.Materials and Methods: Forty-one patients with chronic urticaria referring to the...

Background: The alteration of Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels is the subject of controversy in pleural effusions caused by malignancy, a situation that favors a Th2 immune response. Objective: To examine the different levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), and IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (Th1 cytokines) in malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. Method: The cytokine levels in pleural fl...

background: malassezia furfur is alipophilic yeast that causes skin disease. objective: to evaluate the level of il-10, ifn-γ and il-12p70 in co-incubation of m. furfur grown on different forms of natural oils with pbmcs of healthy individuals. methods: pbmcs were obtained from blood samples of normal volunteers. m. furfur was cultured in different culture media containing almond oil, fish oil,...

the role of transforming growth factor (tgf)-β1, interferon (ifn)-γ, interleukin (il)-2, il-3, and il-6 in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease (ad) has long been reported in literature. in this case-control study, the concentrations of these cytokines in altered t lymphocytes, as well as serum vitamin b12, have been compared in terms of factors such as, age, the clinical course and the pati...

Interferon (IFN)-based therapy, the cornerstone for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, is generally considered to be the single most effective treatment strategy for this infection. Although most adverse effects of IFN therapy respond very well to the cessation of this drug, there are reports of serious irreversible adverse effects. This review article evaluates the adverse effects...