introduction: skeletal staining is an important part of anatomical studies which can evaluate macroscopic disorders in bones and cartilages development. the aim of the present article is to illustrate two distinct protocols by all details in order to stain skeletal system of the lab animals in all ages of their lives so it becomes easy for future studies in this field. methods: in this paper, s...

introduction: unstained formalin-fixed whole brain specimens and brain slices do not give satisfactory results for teaching neuroanatomy. in addition, difficulties in obtaining human brains for dissection have increased the demand for more durable brain specimens that have been obtained by the plastination technique. in the present study brain specimens were sliced, fixed and stained using the ...

background: an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) in the duodenal mucosa is an important criterion for the histological diagnosis of celiac disease (cd). we determined the normal range for intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) in the second part of duodenum in healthy iranian population. materials and methods: four biopsy samples of the endoscopically normal appearing mucos...

introduction: leukocytes causing a wide variety of side effects after transfusion are present in all blood products prepared by standard methods. as a consequence, the use of filter technology for leukoreduction has been widely practiced .according to aabb accreditation in 1996, leukoreduced blood components must contain less than 5×106 leukocytes per unit, but sometimes this value is higher ev...

background: the level of platelet volume (mpv) has been reported to be a laboratory marker in inflammatory cases. objectives: the aim of this study was to seek whether mpv has a role in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. it was also aimed to show the relationship of mpv with leukocyte count and c-reactive protein (crp) level. materials and methods: this study was conducted via retrospective a...

statement of problem: due to the growing popularity of vital bleaching by carbamide peroxide it is imperative to understand the effect of such agents on enamel and dentine. purpose: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel; vivastyle on enamel staining susceptibility. materials and methods: thirty bovine specimens were selected and randomly ...

abstract: introduction & objective: the hippocampal formation is a part of limbic system that plays an important role in memory and learning. the hippocampus is divided into three subfields: ca1, ca2 and ca3. in addition to pyramidal neurons and interneurons, the astrocytes play important roles in hippocampus, probably in memory and learning. in fact, learning needs some instruments for informa...

background: oocyte maturation and subsequent in vitro production (ivp) of embryos are affected by diverse groups of chemicals in maturation medium which are needed for successful mammalian oocyte maturation during which the dramatic cytoplasmic and nuclear reprogramming events take place. this study was designed to evaluate the effects of protein source (fetal bovine serum, fbs, and bovine seru...