introduction: rapid urbanization and reduction of rural population are common problems among developing countries. unemployment and rural migration are mentioned as main reasons for these problems. according to the 2011 census in iran, the rural population decreased to less than one-third, or about 29 percent of total population. demographic change of the country and the need for jobs will exac...

The Bertrand paradox question is: “Consider a unit-radius circle for which the length of a side of an inscribed equilateral triangle equals 3 . Determine the probability that the length of a ‘random’ chord of a unit-radius circle has length greater than 3 .” Bertrand derived three different ‘correct’ answers, the correctness depending on interpretation of the word, random. Here we employ geomet...

BACKGROUND An intervention was designed that combined physical activity with learning activities. It was based upon evidence for positive effects of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on academic achievement. The aim of this study was to describe the program implementation and effects on academic achievement after 1 year. METHODS Second- and third-grade classes of 6 elementary scho...

BACKGROUND To unravel the effect of school-based nutrition education, insight into the implementation process is needed. In this study, process indicators of Taste Lessons (a nutrition education programme for Dutch elementary schools) and their association with changes in behavioural determinants relevant to healthy eating behaviour are studied. METHODS The study sample consisted of 392 Dutch...

Background: From 2000 through 2005, approximately 6900 children <20 years of age died from non-boat-related drowning; in those <5 years of age, the rate was 2.68 per 100,000 person-years. Although the use of pool fencing can be effective in preventing drowning, little is known about the effectiveness of other prevention strategies. While the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends formal swim...

The findings of the TIMSS Videotape Classroom Study include aspects of mathematics lessons showing a strong resemblance between Germany and the U.S. in difference to Japan. This paper discusses some of the features that appear to make Japanese lessons different from the other two countries. In particular, the paper examines the goals of lessons described by Japanese teachers, how lessons are st...

The purpose of this study is to observe Cuba's working healthcare models in an effort to improve ethnic health disparities in south Los Angeles through generating a new level of synergy by mobilizing resources to create academic-community partnerships and apply lessons learned. During a three-year period beginning in 2005, a team of 12-14 Charles R. Drew University and UCLA faculty, south Los A...

Business cases have become popular as part of managing value creation in IS projects. Nevertheless, business cases are often poorly linked to value creation activities and organizations struggle to develop business cases that are useful and express more than simple cost savings. This action research study seeks to improve the usefulness of business cases in IS projects. We used collaborative ac...