0094-1190/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.jue.2009.08.006 q This paper was prepared for the NBER’s ‘‘Cities an ence, May 1-2, 2009. We thank Davin Reed and, especi outstanding research assistance, and Dan Black, Mark Will Strange for helpful comments. Our work with National Establishment Time Series was made possible Coulter Family Foundation to the Public Policy Inst expr...