Chaotic dynamics have been studied by many researchers in the fields of biology, physics, and engineering. Interest in chaos is also expanding to the social sciences such as politics, economics, and others, including the prediction of societal events. The concept of leisure has developed from a passive concept correlated with relaxation, entertainment, and ideology formation into a positive con...

This paper was developed to promote understanding of the complex process of leisure service delivery for children and adults with mental retardation and encourage people to work together to enhance leisure opportunities in integrated settings. The meaning of several terms associated with leisure were clarified and limitations of past and existing leisure services presented. We discussed our bel...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among leisure motivation, leisure attitude, and health promotion lifestyle. The participants were recruited from a convenience sampling that subjects were at least 55 years of age in Tainan City, Taiwan. Three hundred survey instruments were distributed, and 227 effective instruments were returned, for an effective rate of 75.7%. Th...

This multidisciplinary study has investigated the impacts of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), as computers, telephones, or televisions, on leisure activities and leisure-related travel, developing and empirically validating the Time Allocation to Leisure and Travel (TALT) Model for analysis of personal time-budget, and for exploration of tradeoffs between personal-activity dema...

In a heavily religious metropolis like Mashhad filling/enriching the female students’ leisure time is a challenge. Taking an educational-sporty approach, in the presently reported project, a sample of 250 female students from among all attending Imam Reza Schools in this city was given a questionnaire on how to enrich their leisure time. Based on the collected data, the students consider their ...

This qualitative study used a social phenomenology approach to elucidate the experiences, care needs and expectations of the elderly women. Nine elderly women were interviewed between February and May 2011 using a semi-structured questionnaire. The elderly women referred to their physical, mental, and social limitations. They valued ​​the preservation of their autonomy in daily activities and i...

The history of agricultural trade stretches back more than ten millennia, but it became inter-continental from the 17th century and much denser in 19th following repeal Britain's protective Corn Laws 1846 major declines international costs. Trade was chaotic period bookended by two world wars, policy anarchy gave way to greater certainty after General Agreement on Tariffs (GATT) signed 1947. Th...