cesarean operation is the most common surgery which its prevalence is                         methods and materials:   this clinical trial study was carried out on 90 women ongoing elective findings:   the statistical analysis of pain intensity were evaluated by nrs and vrs, which conclusions:   foot and hand massage can be used as an effective nursing initiative in post                        ...

Major objective of the web-based learning is to design customized courseware taking into account of the input knowledge level and the specific objective of each individual learner. In order to improve the design of adaptive dynamic courseware to meet the requirement of individual learner we have already presented concept of Learner Quanta (LQ) & Learner Quanta Cloud (LQC) [9]. In this paper, co...

Using an eye-tracker, this paper investigates the information that learners visually attend to in their open learner model, and the degree to which this is related to the method of displaying the model to the learner. Participants were fourteen final year undergraduate students using six views of their learner model data. Results suggest some views of the learner model information may be more l...

Open learner models (OLM) enable users to access their learner model to view information about their understanding. Opening the learner model to the learner may increase their perceptions of how a system evaluates their knowledge and updates the model. This raises questions of trust relating to whether the learner believes the evaluations are correct, and whether they trust the system as a whol...

In order for interactive learning environments to enrich and individualize the communication with learners, they use learner models, which can be seen as explicit representations in the system of some characteristics of that particular learner. These explicit learner models are created during the interaction with the learner and based on the actions performed by him or her. The created content ...

When trying to learn a model for the prediction of an outcome given a set of covariates, a statistician has many estimation procedures in their toolbox. A few examples of these candidate learners are: least squares, least angle regression, random forests, and spline regression. Previous articles (van der Laan and Dudoit (2003); van der Laan et al. (2006); Sinisi et al. (2007)) theoretically val...

Computer-mediated form of language learning provides the opportunity to engage in meaningful and authentic interaction target language. Through collaboration, learners are said develop a sense autonomy (Little, 2001). Studies from literature show that Japanese do not lack capacity for self-directed but rather, environment has been created by most institutions implicitly discouraged becoming aut...

  Abstract Autonomy is the ability to take charge of one’s own learning. However, this ability is not inborn and must be acquired by formal instruction (Holec, 1981). Therefore, to offer a systematic approach to the devel-opment of learner autonomy in language learning process, Benson (2001) argues that learner autonomy is described in terms of learners’ control over the three dimensions of lea...