Small scale distribution of insect root herbivores may promote plant species diversity by creating patches of different herbivore pressure. However, determinants of small scale distribution of insect root herbivores, and impact of land use intensity on their small scale distribution are largely unknown. We sampled insect root herbivores and measured vegetation parameters and soil water content ...

this study was conducted to evaluate changes in antioxidants, free proline, relative water content and determination of root colonization of four commercial wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars (azar2, darab2, shiraz, and falat) inoculated with the fungus glomus intraradices, under four water regimes of 100, 75, 50, and 25% of field capacity in the year 2010 at the school of agriculture, shir...

Mixed tree–grass vegetation is important globally at ecotones between grasslands and forests. To address uncertainties vis-à-vis productivity and nitrogen (N) cycling in such systems we studied 20 mature oak savanna stands, ranging from 90% woody dominated to 80% herbaceous dominated, growing on comparable soils in a 32-yr-old fire frequency experiment in Minnesota, USA. Fire frequencies ranged...

In Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don each tissue is known to produce a distinct spectrum of terpenoid indole alkaloids. Since the invaluable antineoplastic bisindole alkaloids are restricted to the aerial parts of the plant and do not occur in its underground tissues, identification of the structural and regulatory factors operating distinctly in the shoot/leaf of the plant will be a necessity fo...

in most semiarid and arid areas, fresh water shortage compels managers to use low quality water sources with high salinity to irrigate turf and landscape. recent research has noticed that management of nitrogen fertilization can alleviate salinity effects on plants. this greenhouse sand culture experiment was conducted in order to investigate morphological and physiological responses to salinit...

We consider random patricia trees constructed from n i.i.d. sequences of independent equiprobable bits. We study the height Hn (the maximal distance between the root and a leaf), and the minimal fill-up level Fn (the minimum distance between the root and a leaf). We give probabilistic proofs of Hn − log2 n √ 2 log2 n → 1 almost surely and Fn − log2 n log2 logn → −1 almost surely.

The most unique components of Ginkgo biloba extracts are terpene trilactones (TTLs) including ginkgolides and bilobalide. Study of TTLs biosynthesis has been stagnant in recent years. Metabolic profiling of 40 compounds, including TTLs, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, were globally analyzed in leaf, fibrous root, main root, old stem and young stem extracts of G. biloba. Most of the flavonoids w...