Aeration improves the capacity of leachfields to decontaminate and reduce the nutrient load of wastewater. To gain a better understanding of the effects of aeration, we examined the faunal and microbial communities of septic system leachfield soil (0–4 and 4–13 cm) using replicated (n 5 3) mesocosms that were actively aerated (AIR) or unaerated (LEACH). Protozoa were 40 to 140 times more abunda...

Wireless sensor networks with single sink node have some disadvantages. One example is that certain sensors near the sink or on critical paths consume energy much faster than other nodes. To solve such energy hole problem, we propose an Energy-efficient Multi-sink Clustering Algorithm (EMCA). In EMCA, each cluster head is selected based on the residual energy. We also design an inter-cluster an...

A wireless sensor network consists of large number of sensor nodes limited by a small energy spread in a large geographical area. Many algorithm collect information from the network by using clustering. LEACH is the most famous and popular one from this algorithm to maintain the energy efficiency of sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to choose the cluster head with the high...

the effect on sugar beets of water and nitrogen movement in the soil under different water conditions was assessed over two years (2000-1) at the khorasan agricultural research center. three water treatments (no water stress, continuous stress and primary stress) and three n amounts (80, 160 and 240 kg n/ha) were investigated. the amount of moisture depletion in the water treatments was 50%, 80...

In this project of the mobile object detection in the environment of the wireless sensor network is a challenging task. Clustering is there to save energy of the nodes in the network. In network, localization is very important part of sensors to know the position of the sensor which is detecting target at that point. Range free localization technique is we are going to use in this project. Rang...

Clustering is one of the main techniques used to increase the scalability of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Furthermore, clustering can help to improve the energy efficiency of resource limited ad hoc network and increase the lifetime of sensor network. In this paper, we present a fuzzy clustering algorithm which improves the energy efficiency of LEACH protocol by using a better cluster head ...

Wireless Sensor Networks are networks composed of large number of tiny, batter dependent sensor nodes comprising of restricted on-board storage, processing and radio potentials. Nodes sense the information from the surroundings around them and forward it to the central node which is labelled as Base Station. In view of the fact that the nodes consume lots of energy for this processing of data, ...

This paper proposes a novel energy efficient data clustering scheme to improve energy efficiency for clusterbased wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In order to reduce the energy dissipation of transmitting sensing data at each sensor, the fixed clustering algorithm uniformly divides the sensing area into clusters where the cluster head is deployed to the centered of the cluster area. Moreover, t...

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. Energy efficiency is the important key for WSN. To lower the energy consumption, the network is divided into several clusters in cluster routin...

Water is a limited resource and essential for agriculture, industry and creatures existence on earth including human beings. Water quality monitoring is essential to control physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. In addition, water quality monitoring can help with water pollution detection and discharge of toxic chemicals and contamination in water. A large number of inexpe...