In wireless sensor networks (WSN), sensor nodes just can use battery as their power resource and the power is quite limited. So, energy efficiency research is the key issue in design reasonable wireless sensor network routing protocols. In the paper, a revised cluster election method named LEACH-PSOv has been proposed to strengthen the hierarchical routing protocol low energy adaptive clusterin...

A proper sensor node clustering is an effective topology control that can balance energy consumption among sensor nodes and increase network scalability and life time. As the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has grown enormously, the need for energy-efficient routing and data aggregation has also risen. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy)is a hierarchical clustering protocol tha...

We investigated the role of glycophorins C and D in the association of band 4.1 with the erythrocyte membrane by measuring the binding of band 4.1 to erythrocyte inside-out vesicles stripped of endogenous band 4.1. Vesicles were prepared from either normal erythrocytes or erythrocytes completely lacking glycophorins C and D (Leach phenotype). Band 4.1 binding to vesicles from normal erythrocyte...

Sensor webs consisting of nodes with limited battery power and wireless communications are deployed to collect useful information from the field. Gathering sensed information in an energy efficient manner is critical to operate the sensor network for a long period of time. In [3] a data collection problem is defined where, in a round of communication, each sensor node has a packet to be sent to...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an emerging area belonging to the wireless technologies that has recently developed interest among the industry and academic researchers and is expected to hold the market in the recent future. In WSN, transferring the data packets with efficient energy during transmission takes the most crucial role in this area, which on failure will result in problems like ...

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are spatially distributed micro sensor systems. A WSN with large number of tiny nodes can be effectively used for gathering data in variety of environments like civil or military applications. WSN is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten the life time of the system. Prolonging the life time depends on efficient commun...

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous tiny computing devices, each equipped with sensors, a wireless radio, a processor, and a power source. Sensor networks are envisioned to be deployed in the physical environment in order to monitor a wide range of environmental phenomena. Efficient usage of energy is one of the most important con...