Marine animals produce astaxanthin which is a carotenoid and antioxidant. In this study we determined the in vitro and ex vivo effects of astaxanthin on LDL oxidation. The oxidation of LDL was measured in a 1 ml reaction system consisting of increasing concentrations of astaxanthin (12.5, 25.0, 50.0 microg/ml), 400 microM V-70 (2, 2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2, 4-dimethylvaleronitrile)), and LDL (70 mi...

Homocysteine is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms by which elevated plasma concentrations of homocysteine are related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are not fully understood. To examine whether homocysteine is implicated in atherogenesis through the modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL), the effect of homocysteine on the oxidation of LDL was ...

The contemporary notion that oxidative stress contributes to vascular wall pathology dates back some 25 years, when chemical modification of LDL was found to permit macrophage foam cell formation,1 and subsequent data indicated that vascular cells promoted LDL lipid oxidation (eg, LDL oxidation) to produce a similarly modified LDL.2 It is now clear, however, that oxidative stress in the vascula...

The oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) is thought to take place in the arterial intima when the particles have become isolated from circulating water-soluble antioxidants. We hypothesized that isoflavonoid antioxidants derived from soy could be incorporated into lipoproteins and possibly could protect them against oxidation, which is regarded as atherogenic. Six healthy volunteers rec...

This study was conducted to determine the effects of a low polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 21 diet versus a highPUFA diet on lipid peroxidation and on low density and very low density lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL) oxidation in vivo. Rats were fed 10% beef tallow (BT) or 10% soybean oil (SO) diet for 21 weeks. Lipid peroxidation was measured by assessing urinary 24 excretions of secondary lipid per...

To determine whether oxidized LDL enhances atherogenesis by promoting monocyte recruitment into the vascular intima, we investigated whether LDL accumulation and oxidation precede intimal accumulation of monocytes in human fetal aortas (from spontaneous abortions and premature newborns who died within 12 h; fetal age 6.2+/-1.3 mo). For this purpose, a systematic assessment of fatty streak forma...

The inclusion of uric acid in the incubation medium during copper-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation exerted either an antioxidant or pro-oxidant effect. The pro-oxidant effect, as mirrored by an enhanced formation of conjugated dienes, lipid peroxides, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and increase in negative charge, occurred when uric acid was added late during the inhibit...

BACKGROUND/AIM In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular complications are the main cause of death. Increased oxidative stress is one of the risk factors for enhanced atherosclerosis in this population. Literature data vary partially dependent on differences in methodology. The present study compares three different methods: plasma lipid peroxides, the newly developed meas...

Dear Editors, Evidence has been increasing the last several years that oxidative modification of LDL may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [1,2]. Further support for the oxidative modification hypothesis is provided by the recent report of Salonen et al. [3] who found that the titre of autoantibodies to malondialdehydemodified LDL was an independent predictor of the ...

Increased lipid peroxidation products were detected in a lipoprotein fraction containing very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) obtained from rats made diabetic by streptozotocin injection. The enhanced oxidation in the diabetic VLDL plus LDL fraction correlated with the in vitro toxicity of this lipoprotein fraction to proliferating fibroblasts. In contrast, high...