As a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS‑1) gene variations were found to be associated with the risk of T2D. The aim of our study was to investigate the contribution of promoter DNA methylation of the IRS‑1 gene to the risk of T2D. Using bisulphite pyrosequencing technology, the DNA methylation levels of 3 CpG dinucleotides within the IRS‑1 gene promoter...

Ester prodrugs are commonly used to increase the intestinal absorption of drugs with permeabilitylimited absorption. The high functional activity of este rases in blood and liver allows a rapid bio acti va tion of the prodrug after reaching the sys temic circu lation. However, the increased efficiency of prodrugs to pass the intestinal barrier may be decreased by its rapid esterase-mediated hyd...

Statistical machine translation is a relatively new approach to the longstanding problem of translating human languages by computer Current statistical techniques uncover trans lation rules from bilingual training texts and use those rules to translate new texts The general architecture is the source channel model an English string is statistically gener ated source then statistically transform...

The study of pulmonary hemodynamics after mitral valve repiacement in 30 patients, during the first 18 post-operative hours, did show elevated pulmonary vascular resistance from rhe pre-operative leveis in the majority of them. This rise varied directly,wirh the bypass time and was associated with increased right ventricular work, intrapulmonary shunt and more severe ultrastr4ctural lesions of ...

In regression analysis the response variable Y and the predictor variables X1,...,Xp are often replaced by functions e(Y) and fl(X )90009fp(Xp). We discuss a procedure for estimating those functions O* and 4l,. . that minimize p P 2 E{[e(Y) I ¢.(X.)] } e2 j=1J J VarLe (Y)j given only a sample {(yk,xkl,...,xkp) 1 <k <N} and making minimal assumptions concerning the data distribution or the form ...

The effective utili zation of industri all y waste cinder for electroanaly tical applicati ons by trapping the hexacyanometa llate (HCF) units from Fe~+, Ni+. Co~+. etc into the interlayer ga lleries of cinder has been reported. Prussian blue (PB) is an Fe( III )HCF wi th mixed va lence and zeolite type properties. In the present investigati on, the interca lation property of TI+ wi th PB/ci nd...

The human nm23 gene, a candidate metastatic suppressor gene, consists of two genes, nm23-Hl and nm23-H2. The potential mutation in the nm23-HI gene was examined in colorectal cancer using a reverse tran scription polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by DNA se quencing analysis. Genomic alterations in the nm23 gene were also exam ined by Southern hybridization. Genetic alterations ei...

Ei el is an implementation of Ei el which provides support for distribution persistence concurrency and transactions All objects in an Ei el system are global i e accessible from nodes other than that at which they are currently located and persistent i e their lifetimes are not bounded by the duration of the program that created them Some objects may also be atomic i e accesses to these object...

Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-4630 Bochum. Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 44c, 357—360 (1989); received January 9, 1989 Dedicated to Professor Achim Trebst on the occasion o f his 60th birthday Anthocyanin, L-a-Aminooxy-ß-phenylpropionic Acid, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase, Hibiscus mutabilis When opening in the morning flowers of Hibiscus mutabilis L. ...