OBJECTIVE Determine, through dissection in fresh cadavers, the topographic anatomy of the tibial nerve and its branches at the ankle, in relation to the tarsal tunnel. METHODS Bilateral dissections were performed on 26 fresh cadavers and the locations of the tibial nerve bifurcation and its branches were measured in millimeters. For the calcaneal branches, the amount and their respective nerv...

Redescription of Culex (Melanoconion) oedipus Root and of Cx. (Mel.) plectoporpe Root, as well as the description of a new one, named Cx. (Mel.) rabelloi, are made. The material was collected in S.Paulo State, Southern Brazil. The descriptions include adults, pupal and larval stages, illustrating the morphological aspects and with pictures of breeding places. Some data about known distribution ...

Negative lightning leaders observed at very close (within a few kilometers) distances often exhibit heavy branching with many active tips forming network‐like structure descending multi-tip “ionization front” whose transverse dimensions are of the order hundreds meters. The presence such front makes attachment process more complex than usually assumed. leader branches extend in step-like manner...

• Vascular supply of the spinal cord is by anterior spinal artery in the median fissure and 2 posterior spinal arteries supplemented by medullary branches of intervertebral artery. The intervertebral artery gives s dural and medullary branches. The dural branches persist through life, however, the majority of medullary arteries involute and by adult life only 6-10 medullary arteries persist. Th...

Mitral cells are major projection neurons of the olfactory bulb (OB) that form an axonal bundle known as the lateral olfactory tract (LOT). After axonal bundle formation, collateral branches sprout from primary axons of the LOT. Recently, we identified LOT usher substance (LOTUS) as an endogenous Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1) antagonist and demonstrated that LOTUS contributes to the formation of the L...

BACKGROUND Both vascular and compression etiologies have been proposed as the source of neurologic symptoms in tarsal tunnel syndrome. Advancing the understanding of the arterial anatomy supplying the posterior tibial nerve (PTN) and its branches may provide insight into the cause of tarsal tunnel symptoms. The purpose of this study was to describe the arterial anatomy of the PTN and its branch...