There are reports of differences in occipital lobe asymmetry within psychiatric populations when compared with healthy control subjects. Anecdotal evidence and enlarged lateral ventricles suggests that there may also be a different pattern of curvature whereby one occipital lobe wraps around the other, termed 'occipital bending'. We investigated the prevalence of occipital bending in 51 patient...

INTRODUCTION: Conventional wisdom dictates that fusion rates increase with increasing construct stiffness. Traditional pedicle screw systems generally rely upon stiff components and rigid interconnections. For ease of insertion, some "semi-rigid" systems include polyaxial connections. A favorable bio logical outcome (fusion) is only weakly related to instrumentation type and it is increasingly ...

The steady-state phototropic bending of Phycomyces sporangiophores was studied using apparatus designed to keep the growing zone vertical and the angle of illumination constant over long periods of time. The bending speed is quite constant if the intensity and angle of illumination are fixed. A phototropic inversion occurs in response to a sudden change in intensity, either an increase or a dec...

SYNOPSIS. The lateral hypaxial musculature (LHM) of salamanders may serve as a useful model for understanding the functions of LHM in tetrapods more generally. Salamanders have between two and four layers of LHM, arranged segmentally in myomeres. These layers produce three primary mechanical actions: they bend the body, pressurize the body, and produce or resist torsion about the long axis of t...

Material and methods We have used the Formetric 4D-Dicom II system, which is supplied also with lateral Cobb angle measurement. We have examined 616 patients (432 females and 184 males), age 5 y to 21 y. The patients have been visited clinically by inspection, Adams forward bending test and Perdriolle scoliometer. We have fit, to every patient, 4-8 reflectors on the apex of T1 through L4 spinal...

An analytical study along with a numerical investigation is conducted to determine the lateral buckling strength of thin-walled open-section I shape composite beams. Based on Vlasov-type linear hypothesis beam stiffness coefficients, which account for a cross section geometry and material anisotropy of the section, are obtained. In this study the axial and bending coupling terms ( A,, , A,, , D...

The combination of timber elements and steel beams can be high interest for mechanical performances including instabilities fire protection. In this paper, experiments numerical modelling are performed to analyse the behavior various configurations steel-timber in bending. Two connected web flanges beam. order define material properties tested elements, each component (wood steel) has been sepa...

Lizards bend their trunks laterally with each step of locomotion and, as a result, their locomotion appears to be fundamentally different from mammalian locomotion. The goal of the present study was to determine whether lizards use the same two basic gaits as other legged animals or whether they use a mechanically unique gait due to lateral trunk bending. Force platform and kinematic measuremen...

Schizorhynch kalyptorhynchs are meiofaunal turbellarian predators that possess an eversible proboscis that can be armed with two stout hooks. The hooks grasp and manipulate prey using a wide range of rotations and translations. These diverse motions are possible because the hook supports may function as a muscle articulation type joint-that is, a joint formed of muscle and connective tissue tha...

Methods The radiographs of 30 consecutive patients operated on because of IS were examined. Seven independent researchers assessed the X-rays, in 3 stages at one week intervals. Stage 1: Lenke type was determined on AP and lateral long film standing X-rays. Stage 2: Lenke type was established by use of AP and lateral standing X-rays, completed with supine traction films. Stage 3: Lenke type was...