weather and climate parameters and their effects on crops, is one of the most effective factors in yield increase. agro-climatic studies could be used to determine the potential of various regions and the exploit these resources to the maximum possible extent. in this study, in order to evaluate the agricultural climate of spring canola cultivation in selected stations in hamedan province, the ...

Forest harvest alters natural nutrient cycles, which is reflected in stream water run-off from harvested catchments. Nitrate is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but increased concentrations in rivers, lakes, and oceans have contributed to eutrophication and anoxic conditions. Based on a literature review, we assessed the impact of three different harvest methods—clearcut, patchcut, and s...

Knowledge about recruitment in a population can be critical when making conservation decisions, particularly for harvested species. Harvest can affect population demography in complex ways and this may be particularly true for cooperatively breeding species whose successful reproduction is often linked with complex social dynamics. We currently have a poor understanding of how harvest affects r...

Recruitment in cooperative breeders can be negatively affected by changes in group size and composition. The majority of cooperative breeding studies have not evaluated human harvest; therefore, the effects of recurring annual harvest and group characteristics on survival of young are poorly understood. We evaluated how harvest and groups affect pup survival using genetic sampling and pedigrees...

As we move to developing object-oriented programs, the complexity traditionally found in functions and procedures is moving to the connections among components. Different faults occur when components are integrated to form higher level structures that aggregate behavior and state. Consequently, we need to place more effort on testing the connections among components. Although object-oriented te...

Abstract Drone flights are often only performed during the growing season, with no data collected once harvest has been completed, although they could be used to measure winter annual weed growth. Using a drone mounted multispectral sensor, we flew small plot corn ( Zea mays L.) fertility, cover crop, and population studies at black layer 0–14 d after (DAH). Yields had positive correlations nor...

Abstract Aims To assess 1) the effect of combination flooding (winter vs. non-winter flooding; WFL vs NWF) and timing straw incorporation (early late incorporation; ESI LSI) in post-harvest paddy agrosystem, on a year-round global balance greenhouse gases (GHG) exchanges, i.e. methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) nitrous oxide (N O); 2) impact net ecosystem (NECB) 3) resulting warming potent...

Change in the size of populations over space and time is, arguably, the motivation for much of pure and applied ecological research. The fundamental model for the dynamics of any population is straightforward: the net change in the abundance is the simple difference between the number of individuals entering the population and the number leaving the population, either or both of which may chang...

Aflatoxins are potent mycotoxins produced by fungi in Aspergillus section flavi. The toxic effect of aflatoxins on humans and other animals is well known (7); thus, many countries regulate the quantity of aflatoxins allowed in foods and feeds (17). Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr. infects many oilseed crops and is frequently, as with cottonseed, the primary cause of aflatoxin contamination (13). Whe...

Post-harvest recovery of biodiversity is one important goals in modern forestry. A variable retention (VR) approach has been particular interest North America because it promotes rapid faunal recovery, while minimizing negative lasting impacts logging on the natural fauna. We studied responses rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) to a broad range harvests (2, 10, 20, 50 and 75% retention) c...