Global change factors affect plant carbon uptake in concert. In order to investigate the response directions and potential interactive effects, and to understand the underlying mechanisms, multifactor experiments are needed. The focus of this study was on the photosynthetic response to elevated CO(2) [CO2; free air CO(2) enrichment (FACE)], drought (D; water-excluding curtains), and night-time ...

[1] We review evidence for climate change over the past several millennia from instrumental and high-resolution climate ‘‘proxy’’ data sources and climate modeling studies. We focus on changes over the past 1 to 2 millennia. We assess reconstructions and modeling studies analyzing a number of different climate fields, including atmospheric circulation diagnostics, precipitation, and drought. We...

The emission of volatile monoterpenes from coniferous trees impacts the oxidative state of the troposphere and multi-trophic signaling between plants and animals. Previous laboratory studies have revealed that climate anomalies and herbivory alter the rate of tree monoterpene emissions. However, no studies to date have been conducted to test these relations in situ. We conducted a two-year fiel...

Regional variations of monsoon onset dates across India were analyzed for 67 years (1951–2017) under different modes climate variations, i.e., El Niño, La Niña, and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), along with flood drought using objective method statistical techniques. Monsoon analysis revealed that northern, northeastern, southern parts highly susceptible to early northern northwest Niño. The (l...

Improving drought tolerance through drought preconditioning is an important way to understand drought tolerance mechanism in plants. Some limited researches have focused on the gene expression patterns in conjunction with the underlying enzymes promoting drought tolerance and post-drought recovery in white clover. The objective of this study was to identify whether preconditioning-induced droug...

Potato is the third most consumed crop globally after rice and wheat. It a short-duration crop, versatile in use, suitable for growing wide range of environments, its production increasing rapidly. The modern potato considered drought-sensitive it susceptible to yield loss because drought stress. Unfortunately, severity, frequency, extent have been around globe climate change. susceptibility ha...

Droughts and other rapid changes in abiotic environmental conditions can predispose trees to damage by pest insects pathogens. For survival of coniferous trees, functional resin-based defences are essential, it is important know how they react at various time scales. We studied the effects differing water availabilities on mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) a naturally drought-prone forest wi...

Climatic variability can lead to large-scale alterations in the hydrologic cycle, some of which can be characterized in terms of indices involving precipitation depth, duration and frequency. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal behavior of precipitation indices over the Kentucky River watershed for both the baseline period of 1986–2015 and late-century time frame of 2070–2099. Historical pr...

An estimated 8·8 million people in east Africa are going hungry, and a sluggish international response is failing to address the growing crisis, which is approaching famine conditions in some areas. The USA, Europe, and other wealthy donors, despite warnings forecasting the crisis since late last year, have responded too little and too late, forcing international aid agencies to reduce emergenc...

Mountain watersheds are primary sources of freshwater, carbon sequestration, and other ecosystem services. There is significant interest in the effects of climate change and variability on these processes over short to long time scales. Much of the impact of hydroclimate variability in forest ecosystems is manifested in vegetation dynamics in space and time. In steep terrain, leaf phenology res...