this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotic bactocell, a-max and inflammatory breast prebiotic mixture of these two compounds on growth, feed and larval survival of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) conducted for 84 days. testing a randomized complete block design consisting of zero (control), 1.0, and 2.0 grams of probiotic bactocell, 5/1 and 5/2 grams of prebiotic a-max and...

Aging of bovine dung for 3-5 years under refrigeration resulted in smaller sizes of horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), pupae. Growth of horn fly larvae in mixtures of aged and fresh dung resulted in production of larvae and pupae stunted in proportion to the relative amount of aged dung. Reduction of size of pupae produced in aged dung was because of nutrient limitation, which was partially re...

RH-5992 is a novel synthetic non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonist with a high selectivity towards Lepidopteran species. The effect of ecdysone agonist RH-5992 on larval period, larval weight, silk gland weight and haemolymph protein profile were examined in the model organism, the larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori. The LD50 values were found to be 16.21 and 12.01 micrograms/larva for 72 and 96 hr re...

Potential resistance development to Bt cotton in certain lepidopterans has prompted research to develop strategies that will preserve this environmental-friendly biotechnology. Proteinase inhibitors are potential candidates for enhancing Bt toxicity against lepidopteran pests and for expanding the spectrum of control for other insects. Interactions of Bt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis and pr...

The dietary nutritional management influences the rearing and commercial parameters of the silkworm. When silkworms were fed with mulberry leaves fortified with aqueous leaf extract of O. sanctum in the second instar, a positive response with respect to larval and commercial parameters were noticed. Highest larval weight in three instar viz third (1.341g/10 worms),fourth(5.434g/10),while in the...

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is an important tomato pest that also feeds on other host-plants from the Solanceae family. We studied the effect of two cultivated plants, tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) and potato Solanum tuberosum L. on the development and populational parameters of T. absoluta related with host-plant suitability. Larval developmental time, pupal weight, mean fecundity and an ...

Reproductive efficiency of economic insects and its rearing performances are greatly affected by hormonal activities together with the environmental and cultural practices. Two different hormones were selected for tropical application on muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) to study their effect on the overall rearing performances. JH-III (Juvenile hormone) in three different concentrati...

Rearing oxygen level is known to affect final body size in a variety of insects, but the physiological mechanisms by which oxygen affects size are incompletely understood. In Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster, the larval size at which metamorphosis is initiated largely determines adult size, and metamorphosis is initiated when larvae attain a critical mass. We hypothesized that oxygen e...

HE first seven generations of a selection experiment designed to allow exTperimental evaluation of a restricted selection index were reported by OKADA and HARDIN (1967). The index was computed to produce maximum response in 14-day larval weight of Tribolium castaneum while preventing a correlated increase in 30-day adult weight. Not only was the index effective for restricting the change of 30-...

The evolutionary and phenotypic responses to environmental gradients are often assumed to be the same, a phenomenon known as "cogradient variation". However, only a few insect species display cogradient variation in physiological traits along a latitudinal gradient. We found evidence for such a response in the examination of the life history traits of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi fro...