The left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) has been reported to be critically involved in syntactic processing, not only in first language (L1), but in second language (L2). Indeed, the leftward lateralization of the IFG has been shown to be correlated with the performance of a syntactic task in L2. Given that posterior language-related regions are systematically connected with the left IFG, the nex...

In adult second language (L2) acquisition, individual differences are considerably large even among people with similar experiences. The neural mechanisms underlying this variability would include structural plasticity of language-related pathways. To elucidate such neuroplasticity, we focused on the transitional period of adolescence, which is associated with certain plasticity toward maturati...

This paper presents <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bid...

INTRODUCTION The middle longitudinal fascicle (MdLF) is a long association fiber connecting the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and temporal pole with the angular gyrus through the white matter of the STG, structures which are known to play a crucial role in the pathology of schizophrenia. Functions of MdLF are thought to be related to language and thought processing in the left hemisphere, and w...

Ontology is the basis of sharing and reusing knowledge on the semantic web. The fuzzy ontology is an extension of the domain ontology for solving the uncertainty problems. Although many earlier methods tried to create a fuzzy ontology and applied it to documents summarization, none of the previous methods have discussed Arabic document summarization using FA fuzzy ontology which could benefit f...

We investigated the effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) at the molecular level and assessed the therapeutic potential of folic acid (FA) in DM. We downloaded the gene expression profile of the EPCs from T1DM patients before and after treatment with FA and from healthy controls. We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the EPCs from...

The ancestor width is a new measure for the structure of derivations of arbitrary grammars. For every production used in a derivation or equivalently for every leaf we consider the strings of ancestors. The ancestors deene a complexity measure with a local avour. Obviously , context-free grammars have ancestor width one. We show that languages with ancestor width two are context-free. However, ...

Measures from event-related functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging tractography and cognitive performance in a language-based task were used to test the hypothesis that both functional and structural connectivity provide independent and complementary information that aids in the identification of network components most related to the neurobiological basis for language and cognitive processin...