The ambient index and temperature effects on the spectral profiles of two sets of long period gratings (LPGs) of different periods were investigated. The shorter period LPGs were found to be more sensitive than the longer period LPGs over identical ambient index ranges but less sensitive over identical temperature ranges. The coupling wavelength shifts due to temperature are also seen to be lin...

Land surface albedo is an essential parameter for monitoring global/regional climate and land surface energy balance. Although many studies have been conducted on global or regional land surface albedo using various remote sensing data over the past few decades, land surface albedo product with a high spatio–temporal resolution is currently very scarce. This paper proposes a method for deriving...

introduction generally speaking, this article offers a critical analysis of the land tenure systems in iran with an emphasis on land tenure system in kurdistan and prior to the land reform in 1962. the objective of this article is to address the contradictory narratives that have taken shape regarding the geographical boundaries of boneh in iran. this is an attempt to offer a new and fundamenta...

This paper summarises some previously published work on imitation, experimentation (or innovation) and aspiration thresholds using the FEARLUS modelling system and reports new work with FEARLUS extending these studies. Results are discussed in the context of existing literature on imitation and innovation in related contexts. A form of imitation in which land uses are selected on the criterion ...

The city of Rostock in East Germany has undergone drastic changes in the last 15 years since the reunification of Germany. To cover the spatial extent of the urban developments and the changes in land use different remote sensing sensors and image analysis techniques were used. The land use of 1989 and 1995 was determined at a 1:50.000 scale based on fused Landsat TM and SPOT satellite scenes. ...

Eukaryotic cilia/flagella are ancient organelles with motility and sensory functions. Cilia display significant ultrastructural conservation where present across the eukaryotic phylogeny; however, diversity in ciliary biology exists and the ability to produce cilia has been lost independently on a number of occasions. Land plants provide an excellent system for the investigation of cilia evolut...

In 1986 the Dutch government started to regulate animal agriculture through the imposition of the phosphate based manure production rights (quotas). Mandatory production control programs affect asset values. Capitalization theory postulates the value of any asset is equal to the present value of its expected future returns. We es timated a reduced form derived land demand model using pooled cro...