slope instability due to landslides is particularly common in iran. it is possible to fight against these hazards thanks to the roots of trees, which provide an important contribu-tion towards the stability of hillslopes. however, our knowledge of the effectiveness of roots for slope stability needs improvement. therefore this study was carried out on the effect of tree roots on slope stability...

Introduction Although the 2-year Thomson-Reuters Impact Factor (IF) has become a usual tool for measuring the scientific productivity of all fields of the natural sciences (see Aleixandre-Benavent, Valderrama Zurián, & González Alcaide, 2007), its behavior in the particular case of the journals of pure mathematics (the area MATHEMATICS in the thematic directory of Thomson-Reuters) is far from b...

A physically-plausible simulation of snow is a challenging task. The method we analyze in this thesis is a Material Point Method (MPM), that has been adjusted to accommodate both the fluid-like and the granular properties of snow. We analyze the simulation in four aspects. One, the noise generated from problems in numerical stability. Two, we analyze the domain in which simulation parameters pe...

In this paper we characterize the set of all restrictions on the behaviour of a plant that shape the characteristic polynomial of the closed-loop system. These control laws include both classical feedback laws and singular feedback laws. One of the results is the behavioural version of the Youla-Jabr-BongiornoKuEera-parameterization of all stabilizing control laws for a given plant. We also stu...

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder that selectively destroys melanocytes in epidermis with an unknown etiology.   Objective: To investigate the exon 1 A49G polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (ctla-4) gene in vitiligo patients.   Methods: The A49G polymorphism was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 101...

We introduce a new notion of ex ante stability (or fairness) that would be desirable for a school-choice mechanism to satisfy. Our criterion stipulates that a mechanism must be stable based solely on the probabilities that each student will be assigned to different schools, i.e., the assignment must be viewed as stable even before students know which school they will end up going to. This is in...

I. MOTIVATION Models of terrestrial legged locomotion are almost invariably hybrid, containing a discontinuity in the equations of motion when feet land on the ground. While some animals are bipedal, the great majority of legged locomotion on land is done with 4, 6 or more legs. Poly-pedal gaits for moderate or high-speed locomotion usually include multiple legs striking the ground that once (o...

We investigate transmission problems between a (thermo-)viscoelastic system with Kelvin-Voigt damping, and a purely elastic system. It is shown that neither the elastic damping by Kelvin-Voigt mechanisms nor the dissipative effect of the temperature in one material can assure the exponential stability of the total system when it is coupled through transmission to a purely elastic system. The ap...

This paper gives an overview of recent achievements of the multiwavelet theory. The construction of multiwavelets is based on a multiresolution analysis with higher multiplicity generated by a scaling vector. The basic properties of scaling vectors such as L-stability, approximation order and regularity are studied. Most of the proofs are sketched.