The intimate details regarding the coevolution of bats and moths have been elucidated over the past 50 years. The bat-moth story began with the evolution of bat sonar, an exquisite ultrasonic system for tracking prey through the night sky. Moths countered with ears tuned to the high frequencies of bat echolocation and with evasive action through directed turns, loops, spirals, drops, and power ...

In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivation, the main pest is sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae)). The insecticide imidacloprid frequently used to control this insect, and in some cases, it complemented with release of lacewings species Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). has been shown be harmful non-target insects, such as natural en...

Neuroptera (lacewings) is today a rather small lineage of Holometabola. These representatives Insecta have mostly predatory larvae with prominent venom-injecting stylets formed by upper and lower jaws. impressive can be found not only in the modern fauna, but sometimes also as fossils, predominantly preserved amber. Here we report new specimen lacewing larva from Miocene Mexican amber, most lik...

A new genus and species Allorapisma chuorum gen. sp. nov. is described from the Early Eocene locality at Republic, Washington, U.S.A. The forewing venation of Allorapisma is most similar to that of the genus Principiala Makarkin & Menon from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and Britain. A new, informal suprageneric taxon consisting of these genera is proposed, the Principiala group. The habitats ...

Adults of the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), are prevalent pollen-consumers in maize fields. They are therefore exposed to insecticidal proteins expressed in the pollen of insect-resistant, genetically engineered maize varieties expressing Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the...