in this study, proximate composition and sensory evaluation of giant gourami compared with rainbow trout and common carp. brightness (l*) was significantly higher than the other species and this leads to the highest score in sensory evaluation of the fillet color. moreover eci index of carp was significantly higher than that of the other two fish, in body part. between the species, hardness, ch...

Development and projections of wireless PDAs enable to envisage the design of new application classes that exploit short range and direct communications (e.g. one-hop communications). In a close future we may imagine mobile users dynamically and spontaneously exchanging information as soon as they are close enough. In such a context, a connection between two nodes may be broken at any time beca...

Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis are among most favorite mushrooms of the world. Mineral contents, proximate composition and fatty acid profile of these mushrooms were determined for evaluation of their dietary value. Na, K and Li contents were high, while Cr, Cu, Pb, Co, Zn, Mn and Ni concentrations were low in both Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis. Proximate analysis showe...

Proximate and ultimate causes in evolutionary biology have come to conflate two distinctions. The first is a distinction between immediate and historical causes. The second is between explanations of mechanism and adaptive function. Mayr emphasized the first distinction but many evolutionary biologists use proximate and ultimate causes to refer to the second. I recommend that ‘ultimate cause’ b...

An evolutionary approach to behavior is wonderful because is poses fundamentally new questions. It is also difficult, however, precisely because these questions are new and therefore hard to formulate clearly and even harder to answer. The papers in this special issue (Dudley 2002; Gerald & Higley 2002; Hill & Chow 2002; Lende & Smith 2002; Newlin 2002; Panksepp et al. 2002; Sullivan & Hagen 20...

In the future world of ubiquitous computing, interactive devices ranging in size from pocket to wall will be strewn about the user’s environment. Display and digitizer surfaces will be merged so that users appear to interact directly on display surfaces using an electronic pen or touchscreen. Within some size range of these devices, and for some tasks, traditional “widget” style interfaces may ...

Social plasticity is a ubiquitous feature of animal behaviour. Animals must adjust the expression of their social behaviour to the nuances of daily social life and to the transitions between life-history stages, and the ability to do so affects their Darwinian fitness. Here, an integrative framework is proposed for understanding the proximate mechanisms and ultimate consequences of social plast...